Spinal nerves project from the spinal cord and pass through the intervertebral openings Remember the basic functional unit of the brain is called the neuron – which is composed of the cell body‚ dendrite‚ and axon The dendrites are like branches with synapses for receiving messages. Axons take the impulses away from the cell bodies and may be covered with a lipid material – referred to as the myelin sheath…we’ll talk later about demyelinating diseases such as MS and Guillian Barre. Neurotransmitters
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BIOLOGY 2113 Unit IV Review Guide Chapters 13-17 Chapter 13 – True or False 1. The nervous system consists of the brain‚ spinal cord‚ and nerves. 2. The afferent nervous system consists of all outgoing motor pathways. 4. Ependymal cells engulf and destroy microbes and cellular debris in inflamed or degenerating brain tissue. 5. Oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the CNS. 6. Nerve fibers with many Schwann cells forming a thick myelin sheath are called myelinated fibers
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Myers Psychology 6/e Test Bank I CHAPTER 2 Neuroscience and Behavior Learning Objectives 1. Explain why psychologists are concerned with human biology. Neural Communication (pp. 48-54) 2. Describe the structure of a neuron‚ and explain how neural impulses are generated. 3. Describe how nerve cells communicate‚ and discuss the impact of neurotransmitters and drugs on human behavior. The Nervous System (pp. 54-57) 4. Identify the major divisions of the nervous
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of vesicles facilitated by kinesin and the effects of mutations in nerve transmission in Caenorhabditis elegans Introduction A nerve cell is made up of three main structures: the soma‚ the axon and the synapse. When a nerve cell receives a signal‚ a protein called kinesin travels anterograde along the axon and guides the synaptic vesicles until it reaches the synapse. This triggers the release of the neurotransmitters stored within the vesicles. Once released‚ the neurotransmitters then bind to
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and motor neurons Structure communication with a neuron Communication within neurons is an electrochemical process An electrical impulse known as an action potential (or neural impulse) is initiated by the soma and travels along the axon towards the axon terminals An action potential is an all or nothing process Peripheral nervous system The complete network of neurons located outside the central nervous system‚ comprising of muscles‚ organs and glands Carries info from sensory organs
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SENSORY ORGANS Introduction The knowledge of the world around us stimulates our sensory organs to provide us with the information of what is going on around us. All sensory information is picked up by the sensory receptors‚ specialised cells that monitor internal and external conditions. Examples of sensory organs are: SENSE ORGAN Eye Ear (Organ of Corti) Ear (Semicircular Canals) Ear (utricle and saccule) Olfactory mucous membrane Taste Buds Skin Skin Skin Skin Various Muscle Spindle Golgi tendon
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body (Soma): The processing part Electrochemical Transmission 3. Axon: the transmitting part Normal habit change: Doing the same behavior over and over again (same neurons being used over and over) Nerve: a bundle of neurons that have a specific purpose Transmission of the neural impulse is electrochemical Nerve impulses normally travel in one direction- from dendrites‚ through the cell body‚ along the axon. At the end of the axon a chemical transmitter substance is released and crosses the synapse
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Multiple Sclerosis Presentation Overview History and Background of MS Description of Nervous System Courses of the disease Detailed Information on central nervous system and peripheral nervous system Pathophysiology of the disease Prognosis Remission Treatments and Medications Used Interview With MS patient (Jason) Bibliography History First case of Multiple Sclerosis was found in England in 1848. The case itself seems to have began in 1822. The only documentation that allowed to diagnose this
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its axon‚ it has traveled as an action potential‚ or a pulse of electricity. However‚ there is no cellular continuity between one neuron and the next; there is a breach called synapse. The membranes of the sending and receiving cells are separated from each other by the fluid-filled synaptic gap. The signal cannot leap across the gap electrically‚ so special chemicals called neurotransmitters provide this role. As an electrical impulse travels down the extension of the cell‚ called the axon and
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outside of the skull and spine. Dendrites The dendrites receive most of the synaptic contacts from other neurons. It’s the short processes emanating from the cell body Somatic nervous system Axon The long‚ narrow process that projects from the cell body Buttons They are at the endings of axon branches that release chemicals into synapses Autonomic nervous system Synapses It’s the gaps between adjacent neurons across which chemical signals are transmitted Dura mater meninx It’s the
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