semi‐permeable membrane (dialysis tubing) and sucrose will create an osmotic environment similar to that of a cell. Using different concentrations of sucrose (which is unable to cross the membrane) will allow us to examine the net movement of water across the membrane. INTRODUCTION A major determinant of diffusion in a biological system is membrane permeability. Small‚ uncharged molecules pass through cellular membranes easily‚ while most and/or charged molecules cannot pass through the membrane. The
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International Livestock Research Institute www.ilri.org ILRI Better lives through livestock Fodder beet (Beta vulgaris) for livestock feed Objective on small-scale farms To provide palatable and high energy feed for livestock with nutritive value similar to cereal grains Description • Fodder beet is a biennial plant with thick roots and is cultivated in a cooler climate • The roots are a rich energy source for livestock • Fodder beet needs a long growing season‚ 6–7 months
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generation to generation‚ transcription and translation with a single organism to produce proteins‚ cell to cell communication involving neurotransmitters‚ hormones‚ action potentials‚ etc. and chemical communication where some molecules will cross the membranes and other must bind to receptors. Theme 4: Homeostasis maintains internal stability: maintaining a relatively internal environment even though the external environment is variable. Chapter 2 1. Explain chemical bonding in terms of covalent‚
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concentration of Na+ f ; there is a greater concentration of K+ e . When the stimulus is delivered‚ the ermeability of the membrane at that point is changed; and c ‚ initiating the depolarization of the membrane. Almost as soon as the depolarization wave has begun‚ a repolarization wave follows it across the membrane. This occurs as b . Repolarization restores the h of the resting cell membrane. The g is (are) reestablished by i . 2. 1 5 3 2 4 5. Electrical Chemical 6. a) latent phase‚ ~3 msec‚ the
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The effect of alcohol concentration on the cell membrane Abstract: In this experiment I found out that as the concentration of the alcohol was increased so did the colour intensity of the solution. This is because the higher concentration of ethanol‚ results in more damage done to the cell membrane‚ resulting in leakage of red pigment from the cell. If the membrane is damaged more‚ more red pigment will leak out of the membrane and into the ethanol. Hypothesis: The higher the concentration
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REVIEW SHEET EXERCISE 1 Cell Transport Mechanisms and Permeability Simple Diffusion The following refer to Activity 1: Simulating Dialysis (Simple Diffusion). Which solute(s) were able to pass through the 20 MWCO membrane? NONE 1. According to your results‚ which solute had the highest molecular weight? Albumin 2. Which solute displayed the highest rate of diffusion through the 200 MWCO membrane? Na+Cl 3. Using the data from Chart 1‚ explain the relationship between the
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TYPE 1: IMMEDIATE TYPE 2: ANTIBODY MEDIATED Feature Known as anaphylactic HS Fast response (minutes) Disorders/ Reactions Athopy Clinical manifestation includes asthma‚ eczema‚ hay fever‚ food allergy Has family history with similar condition Show immediate wheal and flare skin reaction to allergen Strong hereditary linkage seen in human Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia Spontaneous/ induced by drugs Reacts to blood group Ag – produce Ab to self RBC Test: direct antiglobulin test
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diffuse freely in a cell. Other molecules need assistance through the cell membrane through a process called facilitated diffusion. Osmosis moves from an area of low concentration to high concentration. In osmosis water moves in the opposite way. Water flow is determined by the concentration‚ not the nature of the solute. There are a couple of things to consider for diffusion to work. The size of the cell‚ permeability‚ molecules in the cell‚ and time it takes to diffuse. Processed bits of food
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glycocalyx may change almost continuously‚ allowing it to keep ahead of immune system recognition mechanisms and avoid destruction. (Cancer is discussed on pp. 145-146) 3.2 Selective permeability is a characteristics of healthy‚ intact cells. When a cell (or its plasma membrane) is severely damaged‚ the membrane becomes permeable to virtually everything‚ and substances flow into and out of the cell freely. This phenomenon is evident when someone has been severely burned. Precious fluids‚ proteins
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Phospholipids receive and transmit signals across the cell membrane and act as a store room for energy. The main role of phospholipids is that they can form lipid bilayers. It is an amphipathic molecule. The head which is hydrophilic contains a group of phosphate‚ a diglyceride and a simple molecule e.g. choline. The tail is hydrophobic and is made up of fatty acids. Phospholipids receive and transmit signals across the cell membrane and act as a store room for energy. Fatty acids Fatty acids
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