Describe the antigen receptors on the surface of T lymphocytes (also known as T cells)‚ and the result when they bind antigen. T cells: -2 polypeptide chains: alpha and beta chain - variable(v) regions- antigen-biding site -constant (c) region- the main body of the antigen receptor Binding: -T-cells only bind to antigen that are presented on the surface of host cell 15. Describe the protein structure and
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shorten but its tension increases is called isometric. 12) T 13) Muscle contraction will always promote movement of body parts regardless of how they are attached. 13) F 14) The effect of the neurotransmitter on the muscle cell membrane is to modify its permeability properties temporarily. 14) T MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 15) Calcium ions bind to the ________ molecule in skeletal muscle cells. B) troponin 16)
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What are the different ways‚ physiological and pharmacological‚ in which blood vessel diameter can be modified? Detection of changes in blood pressure (leading to resultant changes in blood vessel diameter): Baroreceptors at the carotid sinus (the bifurcation of internal and external carotid arteries in the neck) and the aortic arch detect changes in blood pressure. These non-encapsulated nerve endings‚ located in the adventitial layer of arteries‚ are technically mechanoreceptors; they respond
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end plate and causes a change in the ions permeability that creates graded depolarization of the end-plate potential. Basically‚ it attaches to the receptors in the motor-end plate and creates the beginning process of triggering muscle contractions. 3. Describe .the process of excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle fibers.The motor unit meets at the neuromusclular junction‚ where the axon terminal of a neuron and muscle fiber’s plasma membrane meet‚ also called the motor
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#1 Make Observation What causes Alzheimer’s disease neurologically? This question came to my mind when I was watching the movie ‘The Notebook’ for the fifth time. Unusual for a guy‚ I love romantic genre movies and I was wondering why Alzheimer causes short and long term memory loss. I also had an interest on the Alzheimer’s disease after watching the movie ‘Rise of the Planet of the Apes’ where the protagonist tries to fix the neurology nerve system to heal his father’s Alzheimer. #2 Ask Question
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the weight of the potato did not change after it was incubated in the solution with 0.4M. We also found that the potato was hypertonic to sucrose solutions of 0.0-0.3M and hypotonic to 0.5-0.6M. C. Dialysis Tubing Experiment We tested the permeability of the dialysis tubing to glucose‚ starch‚ and iodine. Initially‚ glucose and starch were placed into the bag‚ and iodine outside of the bag in the beaker. We used the iodine test for the presence of starch which proved positive inside of the
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between the vascular compartment or blood and the interstitial compartment though the semi-permeable capillary membranes‚ depending on the relative hydrostatic and osmotic pressures. -Hydrostatic pressure may be viewed as the “push” force and osmotic pressure as the “pull” or attraction force in such fluid movements. -A major factor in the movement of water through cell membranes is the difference in osmotic pressure between the cell and the interstitial fluids. Fluid Excess – Edema -Fluid
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cytoplasm‚ plasma membrane‚ ribosomes‚ nucleoid‚ flagellum‚ lacks organelles)‚ DNA is circular and single chromosome. (ex.= bacteria) Eukaryotes: multicellular (protists‚ fungi‚ animals‚ plants) use compartmentalization of cellular functions and transport systems (cytoskeleton) to accommodate size. ** Similarities btwn eukaryote and prokaryote: plasma membrane‚ electron transport chain‚ transcription/ translation machinery (relies on ribosomes) Organelles Cytoskeleton (non membrane bound) Support/shape
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receptor that would initiate the signal transmitted. 2. Explain the effect of the following on the membrane potential: a. Open sodium gated ion channels Open sodium gate ion channels result to entry of more sodium ions into the intracellular membrane and therefore would lead to a more positive membrane potential. This is due to increased permeability of the membrane to sodium ions. Once the membrane potential reaches its threshold‚
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bacteria that can be seen as oval cocci chain forming shapes less than 2 micrometers in diameter under the microscope. It is a facultative anaerobe that can use fermentation for its metabolism. It needs a blood containing medium to grow and exhibits beta-hemolysis. It is a non-motile‚ nonspore forming bacterium. S. pyogenes has a number of virulence factors that work in its favor including a hyaluronic acid capsule. Hyaluronic acid is the ground substance in connective tissue so having a capsule made
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