Let’s play a game. Close your eyes and imagine that it’s the middle of the night and you are awaken by a loud roar coming beneath your feet. As you stumble downstairs you cover your head from objects falling from bedroom walls‚ kitchen cabinets‚ and bookshelves as you shout to your love ones to go outside. You head to the closet to get your emergency bag filled with two flashlights‚ three water bottles and six protein bars. As your about to exit the building it all stops just to be repeated a few
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Allotropes with larger fullerenes (C72) trapped with lanthanides have higher solubility’s. At room temperature fullerenes dissolve sparingly in many different solvents. The common solvents in which the fullerenes dissolve are toluene and carbon disulfide. Toluene as a solvent‚ the solubility of fullerene is about 2.8 mg/ml at the room temperature. The solubility of fullerene is inversely proportional to its size (i.e. As size increases the solubility decreases). TOXICITY AND SAFETY: When Bucky
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hours. The dried peel was milled and sieved until the size of 100 mesh was obtained. The supporting chemical substances such as potassium hydroxide (KOH)‚ sodium hydroxide (NaOH)‚ acetic acid (CH3COOH)‚ calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (Ca(NO3)2.4H2O)‚ toluene (C6H5CH3)‚ chloroform (CHCl3)‚ diethanolamine ((C2H4OH)2NH)‚ sodium chloride (NaCl)‚ diethyl eter ((C2H5)2O)‚ methanol (CH3OH)‚ sodium methoxide (CH3ONa)‚ sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) were used in this study. The materials were laboratory grade (MERCK)
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naturally existing toxic compounds are not an issue‚ but “Fracking disturbs‚ distributes‚ and carries upward with the fracked gas ‘produced waters’ containing radioactive materials‚ heavy metals‚ hydrocarbons such as BTEX (benzene‚ toluene‚ ethyl benzene‚ and toluene [sic.])‚ bromide‚ highly concentrated salts‚ and many other organic and inorganic compounds that‚ when exposed to our environment‚ are dangerous health hazards—many are known as carcinogens and toxic to biological life” (Carluccio “Destroying
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ice cold ethanol Reconnect vacuum and draw the liquid from the product Repeat washing procedure with 2 Ml of acetic acid/ethanol solution Finally wash the crude product with the remaining 2 mL of ethanol FIND SOLVENT: Test 95% ethanol and toluene Addition of a few drops hexane may be necessary to promote crystallization If not satisfactory test 9:1 v/v mixture of 95% ethanol/acetone Recrystallize Characterization of aldol product Perform this test on both unknown compounds Add 1
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Radio active safety : Protective Clothing: Wear latex or nitrile gloves with along with the full-length lab coat including the closed toed shoes. Wear safety glasses to avoid the exposure radioactive material. Introduction : Chemicals may be liquids‚ gases‚ solids or powders have the tendency to harm health when it used or handled improperly‚ those can be corrosive‚ toxic agents‚ reactive or flammables can generate fumes‚ vapors‚ dust and mists. Depending on the usage and the work it can enter the
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SYNTHETIC EXPLOITATION OF ENZYMES: BIOCATALYSIS IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS: FUNDAMENTALS ENZYMES IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS 1. Enzymes catalyze a broad spectrum of reactions with high turnover numbers. Rate enhancements approach 1012 fold. 2. Enzymes may accept a wide range of substrates. 3. Enzymes are highly regio and stereoselective. 4. Enzyme reactions take place under mild conditions; this minimizes problems of isomerization and racemization. 5. Enzymatic processes are less hazardous and polluting
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the fats‚ oils‚ soaps‚ and detergents‚ each of them were placed into different solvents to see if they dissolved. None of the oils and fats were soluble in water (H2O)‚ sodium hydroxide (NaOH)‚ or hydrochloric acid (HCl)‚ but they were soluble in toluene and partly soluble in acetone. Testing the soaps and detergents for their solubility in water is the most important solubility test because they should form a lather that allows them to clean easily. Most of the soaps and detergents did not readily
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low temperatures benzoic acid is insoluble in water. Compounds are soluble in solvents with the same polarity‚ like dissolves like. Table 1.1 Benzoic Acid solubility Dissolve Heat Ice H2O No No No Ethanol Yes Yes Yes Hexane No No Acetone Yes Yes Toluene No Yes No The benzoic Acid was dissolved in a very small amount of hot ethanol once dissolved water was added drop wise using a disposable pipet until it got cloudy. Once it reached this point the substance was removed from the steam bed and let
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Properties: Propanol‚ butanol‚ methanol Purpose: To separate two alcohols by distillation and analyze results with GC. Do not plug mantle directly into electrical outlet‚ use controller! Use 40/60 mol percent propanol/butanol (no cyclohexane or toluene are used in this lab because they are more toxic) Set up fractional distillation Set heat at highest level to start‚ then turn back down to 60-80% when vapor starts up column‚ collect first sample then adjust heat as needed Not too fast or slow
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