The Stereochemistry of Bromine Addition: Bromination of trans-Cinnamic Acid Pitak Chuawong Objectives 1. To perform bromination of trans-‐cinnamic acid 2. To investigate stereochemistry of bromination reaction Introduction Alkenes undergo electrophilic addition to give alkyl halides. When bromine is used as a
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investigate the reaction between bromine and methanoic acid:- Br2 (aq) + HCOOH (aq) ↓ 2Br- (aq) + 2H+ (aq) + CO2 (g) Bromine in aqueous solution is orange-yellow‚ but all the products and the methanoic acid are colourless. The colour gradually fades as the reaction proceeds. In this experiment we wish to determine the order of the reaction with respect to bromine. By using a concentration of methanoic acid which is 10 times greater than that of the bromine we can assume that the
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solubility Boiling points increase as intermolecular attractive forces increase. For the alkanes‚ which are non-polar hydrocarbons‚ the intermolecular forces are induced dipole forces. In the case of the alcohols‚ the intermolecular forces include induced dipole forces‚ dipole forces‚ and hydrogen bonding. Induced dipole forces increase with increasing molecular weight‚ so the boiling points of the straight chain alkanes increase as the number of carbon atoms in the chain increases. Therefore pentane
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Cyclohexanol Organic Chemistry Lab 1 Tuesday 8:00 11/08/11 Paul Jackson Abstract: The goal of this experiment was to form cyclohexene from cyclohexanol through a dehydration reaction. Cyclohexene was successfully synthesized according to the bromine test performed and the IR spectra. There was a percent yield of cyclohexene of 76.1%. Introduction: Alkenes‚ hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond‚ are important functional groups in natural and synthetic compounds. One
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reagent we need to find the number of moles of acetanilide‚ and the number of moles of Bromine. Mass of Acetanilide used = 0.67g Molar mass of Acetanilide = 135.16g/mol[1] Number of moles of Acetanilide = (0.67g) / (135.16g/mol) = 0‚005 mols Volume of Bromine = 0.25ml Density of Bromine = 3.103 g/ml[2] Mass of Bromine = (0.25ml) X (3.103g/ml) = 0.78g Molar mass of Bromine = 79.9g/mol[2] Number of moles of bromine = (0.78g) / (79.9g/mol) = 0‚0097 mols Acetanilide is the limiting reagent -To find
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the type of bonding that exists between the carbons. There are hydrocarbons that contain only carbon-to-carbon single bonds and they are called alkanes. There are also hydrocarbons that contain only carbon-to-carbon single bonds but it is different from alkanes because their carbon atoms are bonded together to form rings. They are called cyclohexanes. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are also known as saturated molecules – containing only carbon-to-carbon single bonds. When we say that a hydrocarbon is saturated
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Hydrocarbons Equipment Required: -4 Test tubes -Dropper - Cyclohexane (C6H12) (3ml) - Cyclohexene (C6H10) (3ml) - Toluene (CH3C6H5) (3ml) - Potassium Permanganate solution (KMnO4) .01 mol L-1 (4ml) - Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) 2mol L-1 (2ml) - Bromine Water (Br2) (5ml) Procedure: Reaction of hydrocarbons with acidified permanganate: 1) Into three separate‚ labeled test tubes place 1 ml of cyclohexane‚ cyclohexene and toluene respectively. 2) In a separate test tube add 4 ml of 0.01mol L-1
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HOMOLOGOUS SERIES | ALKANE | ALKENE | ALCOHOL | CARBOXYLIC ACID | ESTER | GENERAL FORMULA | CnH2n+2‚ where n= 1‚2‚3‚.. | CnH2n‚ where n= 2‚3‚4‚.. | CnH2n+1OH‚ where n= 1‚2‚3 | CnH2n+1COOH‚ where n= -0‚1‚2‚3‚.. | CnH2n+1COOCmH2m+1‚ where n= 0‚1‚2‚3‚.. and m= 1‚2‚3‚.. | PHYSICAL PROPERTIES | * MP & BP Size of hydrocarbon molecules inc‚ f.o.a inc‚ more heat overcome f.o.a * Density Mass per molecule inc faster than volume per molecule * Gas – liquidSize of hydrocarbon molecule inc‚ f
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Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to synthesize isopentyl acetate via an esterification reaction between acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol‚ using concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The product was washed with sodium hydrogen carbonate‚ as well as with water‚ then dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The product was then distilled using a Hickman still and characterized using infrared spectroscopy. The percent yield of isopentyl acetate was 61.52%. This may have been low due to
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The Chemistry of Lipids Experiment #8 Objective To observe the solubility of lipids in polar and nonpolar solvents and to compare saturated and unsaturated fats in their chemical reaction with bromine. The percent fat in a food will be determined by extraction of the fat and weighing it. Introduction Lipids‚ by definition‚ are natural substances that do not mix with water but dissolve in organic solvents. There are several classes of lipids‚ including: fatty acids‚ waxes‚ triacylglycerols
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