homogeneity across cultures. The theory of relative face orientation We have discussed that Brown and Levinson’s (1987) face-saving politeness theory has been undermined for its inability to be applied universally. In surveying recent studies in cross-cultural communication‚ Mao (1994) mentions Janney and Arndt (1993)‚ who characterise it as idealistic‚ culturally biased‚ and lacking objective empirical evidence for the evaluation of their politeness universals. Instead of a theory centered on universals
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Theory X and Theory Y After World War II there were several studies performed that ultimately revealed how assumptions about workers’ attitudes and behaviors affect managers’ behavior. In the 1960s one of the most influential approaches was created and developed by Douglas McGregor at the MIT Sloan School Of Management. He proposed two sets of assumptions about how work attitudes and behaviors not only dominate the way mangers think but also affect how they behave in organizations. He named these
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different theories of crime and how they affect the criminal justice system. The Classical School of criminology is a theory about evolving from a capital punishment type of view to more humane ways of punishing people. Positivist criminology is maintaining the control of human behavior and criminal behavior. They did this through three different categories of Biological studies‚ which are five methodologies of crime that were mainly focused on biological theories‚ Psychological theories‚ which contains
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An Analysis of Bronfenbrenner’s Bio-Ecological Perspective for Early Childhood Educators: Implications for Working with Families Experiencing Stress Kevin James Swick1‚2 and Reginald D. Williams1 Today’s families face many stressors during the early childhood years. Particular stressors like homelessness‚ violence‚ and chemical dependence‚ play havoc with the family system. Urie Bronfenbrenner’s bio-ecological perspective offers an insightful lens for understanding and supporting families under
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Week 5 Systems Theory BSHS/325 The idea of personal competence is always in you. It is independence and deciding your own choices and observing your obligations. You must comprehend and analyze your destination. It is going to the understanding in which something needs to change. For instance‚ personal acknowledgement is a wife abandoning her violent husband for she had enough of being battered. She has arrived to the conclusion in which something needs to change. Interpersonal
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Systems‚ Topic 1 System - collection of parts working together‚ forming a functioning whole. Three types of systems Open System - exchanges matter and energy with its surroundings‚ ex. Ecosystem * energy from sun‚ converted to sugar by plant‚ plant is eaten by a bug - energy exchange * animals eating each other - matter exchange Closed system - exchanges energy with its surroundings but not matter‚ ex. Biosphere 2 experiment * closed systems do not occur naturally
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is‚ of course‚ this third type that is a central feature of Weber’s account of law. And‚ though the concept of legal-rational authority is bound up with his theory of value
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Part A Section (i) The articles chosen for this essay paper were “Corporate Environmental Reporting: A test of legitimacy theory” by Trevor D. Wilmshurst and Geoffrey R. Frost and “The Stakeholder Theory: Concepts‚ Evidence and Implications” by Thomas Donaldson and Preston Lee. There were several factors that contributed to my choosing these particular articles for my study. First and foremost‚ these articles were both peer reviewed and the journals they were sourced from‚ namely the
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In this essay I aim to describe two theories (Equity Theory and Social exchange theory) of relationships and to consider how they might influence the therapist engaged in couples counseling‚ noting their similarities and differences. Equity theory is a theory about fairness. Its application to close relationships has been primarily advanced by Elaine Hatfield (previously known as Elaine Walster) and her colleagues in the book Equity: Theory and Research (Walster‚ Walster‚ and Berscheid 1978). The
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Deindividuation theory 8+16marks Deindividuation is a social psychological explanation of aggression. It refers to the loss of personal identity and responsibility that occurs as a result of being in a crowd of people.Le Bon suggests that individual are more likely to be involve in aggressive behaviour as a collective mindset is created when in a large anonymous crowd. Individuals feels less responsible and identifiable‚ so normal constraint to prevent aggressive behaviour may be lost. The share
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