Modeling Molecules Introduction: You can represent a molecule two-dimensionally‚ as a structural formula or electron dot structure. Although such models are useful in certain contexts‚ they do not accurately represent bond angles between atoms or shapes of molecules. In this activity‚ you will construct three-dimensional models of several molecules. You will use electron dot structures and structural formulas to inform how you construct the three-dimensional models. Materials: jelly beans‚
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the particles together. (d) List the intermolecular attractive forces in order of increasing strength. 25. Within each group‚ assign each of the boiling points to the respective substances on the basis of intermolecular forces. (a) N2‚ HCN‚ C2H6: 2196°C‚ 289°C‚ 26°C; (b) H2‚ HCl‚ Cl2: 235°C‚ 2259°C‚ 285°C. 26. ■ What type of intermolecular forces must be overcome in converting each of the following from a liquid to a gas? (a) CO2; (b) NH3; (c) CHCl3; (d) CCl4. 57. Toluene‚ C6H5CH3
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Theories of Chemical Bonding 1. Which one of the statements concerning valence bond (VB) and molecular orbital (MO) bond theories is correct? a) MO theory predicts that electrons are localized between pairs of atoms. b) In VB theory‚ bonding electrons are delocalized over the molecule. c) MO theory accurately describes bonding in O2 and NO‚ VB theory does not. d) VB theory can describe molecular bonding in excited states. e) MO theory is used to accurately predict the colors of compounds
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tells us the average mass of an individual atom (average because of isotopes). • The Ar for an atom has no units as it is relative • You will always be given the Ar for an atom in any example set. Relative formula/molecular mass – Mr Relative formula/molecular mass – Mr Most substances exist as; - compounds if ionic - molecules if covalent We can use Ar’s to calculate the ‘average mass of ONE unit of a substance’ this is called the Mr (see also topic 9) E.g. Calculate
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Part I Multiple choice or short answer questions 1) (2 points) Identify a solid a. Definite volume and no definite shape b. no definite volume and no definite shape c. definite volume and definite shape 2) (2 points) A substance composed of two or more elements in a fixed‚ definite proportion is a. A solution. b. A heterogeneous mixture. c. An alloy. d. A homogeneous mixture. e. A compound. 3) (2 points) Read the water
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Xxx.comTheories of light In the seventeenth century two rival theories of the nature of light were proposed‚ the wave theory and the corpuscular theory. The Dutch astronomer Huygens (1629-1695) proposed a wave theory of light. He believed that light was a longitudinal wave‚ and that this wave was propagated through a material called the ’aether’. Since light can pass through a vacuum and travels very fast Huygens had to propose some rather strange properties for the aether: for example; it must
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ascending order of molecular mass‚ is called a homologous series. 15. Homologous : The members of the same class of organic compounds‚ when arranged in the ascending order of molecular mass‚ such that they differ by 14 amu or a – CH2 group are called homologous. 16. Alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons) : Compounds of carbon and hydrogen‚ in which all the valencies of carbon atoms are satisfied by single covalent bonds are called saturated hydrocarbons or alkanes. 1. Covalent bond or Molecular bond or Homopolar
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Chemistry 12 Review of Solubility Equilibrium 1. Identify each of the following as ionic or molecular substance: a. NaCl(aq) ________________________________ b. CH3COOH(aq) ___________________________ c. CCl4(l) _________________________________ d. HNO3(aq) ______________________________ e. C2H6(l) ________________________________ 2. A good way to test a liquid to see if it contains ions is to : 3. Define a saturated solution. 4. Define an unsaturated solution. 5. What is meant by solubility?
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structures for nitrite ion‚ NO2-? a) 1 and 2 b) 2 and 4 c) 3 and 4 d) 1‚ 2‚ and 3 e) 2‚ 3‚ and 4 6. . Which of the following elements is able to form a molecular structure that exceeds the octet rule? a) Ne b) B c) O d) F e) I 7. Which of the following elements is most likely to form a molecular structure that disobeys the octet rule? a) B b) C c) N d) O 8. What is the correct Lewis structure for IF3? 9. The central atom in PF5 is surrounded by
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Organic chemistry studies carbon compounds‚ but a few carbon compounds such as carbon monoxide‚ carbon dioxide‚ metal carbonates‚ and carbon disulphide traditionally come under the umbrella of inorganic chemistry. INTRODUCTORY 1. Give the following for the compound propane C3H8: (a) Full structural formula (b) Skeletal formula 2. Draw all the possible isomers of hexane C6H14 and give the name of each. 3. Draw the structural formulae for each of the following alkanes: (a) 2‚2- dimethylbutane
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