simple sugars from their chemical composition and structure to the different ways that each is digested and metabolized within the human body. Structural Differences Despite the fact that glucose and fructose share the same chemical formula‚ C6H12O6‚ making them both hexose sugars‚ their atoms are configured differently‚ making the two structural isomers. Glucose has 5 atoms of Carbon and one atom of Oxygen in a ring‚ making it a pyranose sugar. In contrast‚ fructose has 4 atoms of Carbon and
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BIO FINAL STUDY GUIDE Scientific Method: 1) Observe something interesting 2) Educated idea = hypothesis (if – change/IV -… then – measure/DV… because) 3) Experiments 4) Analyze + conclude 5) Report it to world Science | Pseudoscience | -uses scientific method | -doesn’t use scientific method | -good hypothesis (falsifiable –provable) | -bad hypothesis (unfalsifiable) | -Repeatable + predictable | -unrepeatable | -1 variable | -none or many variables | -ex. Aliens
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respiration releases energy from organic material through chemical oxidation within the mitochondria of cells. Cellular respiration usually refers to the metabolizing of glucose‚ however carbohydrates‚ proteins and fats can also be metabolized. C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + 686 Kcal of energy/mole of glucose oxidized
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THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC MOLECULES I. MACROMOLECULES-large molecules that are composed of smaller molecules and atoms that are bonded together. These are among the largest of all chemical molecules. A. Polymers-the largest of the macromolecules. These are composed of numerous‚ small identical subunits known as Monomers. There are 4 major polymers that are important for living organisms. These polymers are; carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ proteins and nucleic acids. B. Polymers
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MUSCLE FATIGUE HOW DO MUSCLES GET THE ENERGY TO WORK? In muscles‚ it is essential that Calcium is present‚ as this gives the muscles the ability to contract and relax. For muscles to contract energy is needed: the energy can only be provided by the breakdown of a chemical called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). As ATP is broken down‚ a phosphate molecule is broken off‚ reducing the phosphate molecules‚ from 3 to 2. This produces adenosine triphosphate. However for the muscles contraction to continue
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reaction that refers to the process of converting chemical energy of organic molecules into a simplify form so it can be used immediately by organism. Glucose may be oxidized completely if sufficient oxygen is available‚ by the following equation: C6H12O6 + 36 ADP + 36Pi + 6O2(g) 6 H2O + 6 CO2(g) + 38 ATP + heat All organisms‚ including plants and animals‚ oxidize glucose for energy. Often‚ this energy is used to convert ADP and phosphate into ATP. The process of complete oxidation involves glycolysis
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Austin Peay State University Department of Chemistry CHEM 1021 IDENTIFYING CARBOHYDRATES (adapted from Blackburn et al.‚ Laboratory Manual to Accompany World of Chemistry‚ 2nd ed.‚ (1996) Saunders College Publishing: Fort Worth) Purpose: To become familiar with some of the characteristic reaction of carbohydrates. To identify an unknown carbohydrate. Caution: Wear eye protection because of the possible shattering of dropped glassware and because acids are used in this experiment
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7 properties of Life |Description/Examples | | |Order |All living things exhibit complex but ordered organization; structure of a pinecone | |Regulation |The environment outside of the organism may change drastically‚ but the organism can adjust its internal | | |environment keeping it within appropriate limits; temperature (shivering and sweating) | |Growth & Development |Information carried
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points (except Carbon (C)‚ Phosphorous (P)‚ Sulphur (S)). They have low densities and do not conduct heat or electricity (except carbon as graphite). Molecules E.g. of molecules: Hydrogen H2‚ Water H2O‚ Oxygen O2‚ Carbon dioxide CO2‚ Glucose C6H12O6‚ Ethanol C2H5OH All molecules are made up of more than one atom. Made up of one or more non-metals. Some are monoatomic‚ diatomic or triatomic. Monoatomic: Only one atom in the molecule. Noble gases Diatomic: Two atoms. E.g. CO‚ H2‚ N2 Triatomic:
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Chapter 4 Microscopes Two important factors in microscopy are: 1) Magnification: an increase in the object’s apparent size compared with its actual size. 2) Resolving Power: the ability of an optical instrument to show two objects are separate. Three types of microscopes: 1) Light Microscope (LM) M: 1000x RP 0‚2 micrometer (small bacterial cell) 2) Electron Microscope (EM) uses a beam of electrons to resolve electrons‚ better resolving powers than light microscope M:100‚000x RP 0
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