Chemical equilibrium is a state of balance within a system of chemical reactions. Equilibrium in chemistry is achieved when substances are produced and broken down at the same rate and thus‚ the number of molecules of each substances becomes constant. Thermodynamics is a branch of physical science that involves the relationship between heat and other forms of energy (Energy‚ Enthalpy‚ and the First Law of Thermodynamics). There is a more specific area of thermodynamics that explicitly pertains to
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962/4 2013-2014 Title: Thermal stability of Vitamin C in Fruit Juice Subtile: Effect of Temperature towards concentration of Vitamin C in Orange Juice Members of the group: Name Identification number Index Number Chan Chyi Yong 950818-08-6787 SA2051/1001 Choong Jian Wen 950620-08-5279 SA2051/1005 Liew Sin Yung 950507-08-5373 SA2051/1011 Yong Yi Xiang 950510-02-5531 SA2051/1018 Teacher Advisor: Pn Kanahambikai Date of Submit of this report: Marks:
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molarity of an unknown acidic acid. MATERIALS: 1. 250 mL beaker 2. 10 mL graduated cylinder 3. 50 mL beaker 4. Funnel 5. 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask 6. 50 mL buret 7. Ring stand 8. Strong acid 9. Weak base 10. Phenolphthalein 11. De-ionized water. PROCEDURES: 1. Fill the buret with a weak base and place it in the ring stand. 2. Fill the 50 mL beaker with 30 mL of a strong acid. 3. Fill the 250 mL beaker with 50 mL of de-ionized water. 4. Pour
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Sample 1 Sample 2 Molarity of KMnO4 0.02m 0.02m Weight of Sample 0.237g 0.225g Final Buret Reading 28.5ml 26.3ml Initial Buret Reading 0ml 0ml Volume of KMnO4 dispensed 28.5ml 26.3ml Moles of KMnO4 5.7E-4 5.26E-4 Moles of C2O42- 1.425E-3 1.315E-3 Table 2: (Second Titration) C2O42- Analysis Sample 1 Sample 2 Molarity of KMnO4 0.02m 0.02m Weight of Sample 0.237g 0.225g Final Buret Reading 4.2ml 4.5ml Initial Buret Reading 0ml 0ml Volume of KMnO4 dispensed 4.2ml 4.5ml Moles of KMnO4 8.4E-5 9.0E-5 Moles
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Concentration of 500.0ml NaOH .5418M Table 3: HCl Volume of Concentrated HCl 10.00mL Concentration diluted to 250.00ml .5475M Table 2: Volume of NaOH needed to neutralize 10.00 mL of oxalic acid Trial 1 Trial 2 Initial reading of buret (mL) 16.39mL 9.89mL Final reading of buret (mL) 25.98mL 19.50mL Volume of NaOH required (mL) 9.59mL 9.61mL Average Volume of NaOH (mL) 9.60mL Observation 13C: Table 1: Volume of
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Synthesis and Analysis of the Coordination Compound Pentaaminechlorideocobalt (III) Chloride Heaven Lin and Forest Lin W.M. Keck Science Department‚ Claremont McKenna‚ Pitzer‚ and Scripps Colleges 925 N. Mills Avenue‚ Claremont‚ California 91711 Abstract Through using the spectrometer and titrations‚ the amount of the coordination compound‚ pentaaminechloridocobalt (III) chloride‚ was determined through a synthesis through an oxidation reduction of cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate (CoCl2·6H2O)
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THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES □ Supplemental/Summer School □ Examinations of December /April/May □ /July □ 2009 Originating Campus: Cave Hill □ Mona St. Augustine □ Mode: On Campus By Distance □ Semester l Semester II Course Code and Title: CHEM1901 - INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY A Date: Duration: Time: 2 Hours. Paper No: 1 Materials required: Answer booklet: Calculator: (where applicable) Multiple Choice answer sheets: Programmable □ □ numerical
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TECQUIPMENT H10 FLOW-MEASURING APPARATUS 1.0 INTRODUCTION The Flow-Measuring Apparatus is designed to accustom students to typical methods of measuring the discharge of an essentially incompressible fluid‚ whilst at the same time giving applications of the Steady-Flow Energy Equation (Bernoulli’s Equation). The discharge is determined using a venturi meter‚ an orifice plate meter and a rotameter. Head losses associated with each meter are determined and compared as well as those arising in a
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characteristics and applications of various flow measuring device (venturi meter & orifice plate). To calculate the volume flow rate of water from the pressure difference of both venturi and orifice devices. To compare between theoretical and actual volumetric flow rate through the discharge coefficient concept. To know how rotameter works. INTRODUCTION The measurement of fluid flow is important in applications ranging from measurements of blood-flow rates in human artery to the measurement of liquid
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Experiment 3 Spectrophotometric Analysis of Mixtures: Simultaneous determination of two dyes in solution Reading: Appendix J Harris‚ Section 2.5‚ Chapter 18‚ and Section 19.1 Introduction Spectrophotometric determinations based on the Beer-Lambert Law are among the most widely used analytical procedures. These methods involve the measurement of the fraction of incident electromagnetic radiation that is absorbed by a sample. To determine the concentration of a colored species in solution
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