Biomolecules - Organic compounds is first due to the fact that every word on the list is an organic compound‚ as they are essential to life processes. Next‚ carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ proteins‚ and nucleic acids are all macromolecules‚ as they are very large molecules composed of thousands of atoms or more. The map then divides into the four biomolecules. Carbohydrates are composed of monosaccharides‚ disaccharides‚ and polysaccharides. Proteins are made of amino acids‚ which are themselves made of polypeptides
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Since its discovery‚ Sugar has become a key ingredient in our food chain. Sugar is a soluble carbohydrate which is mostly used for consumption. Carbohydrates are made up of elements of carbon‚ hydrogen and oxygen (Queneau‚ 2007). The ratio of hydrogen is twice the oxygen and the carbon. Sugar contains sucrose which is the common saccharide in many plant parts. Sucrose (sugar) is composed of 12 carbon atoms‚ 22 hydrogen atoms and 11 oxygen atoms. Therefore‚ the chemical formula of compound sugar C12H22O11
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microbial growth of the fruit. Pectin and acids help the jam set. Sealing prevents the re-entry of micro-organisms. The ingredients used in jam-making are fruit‚ sugar‚ pectin and acid. Too much sugar = Crystallisation Too little sugar = fermentation (Store jams completely covered in a cool place) Fruit Sugar Pectin Acid Use ripe fruit Fruit high in pectin Acidic fruit Examples include blackcurrants and cooking apples. Needs to be accurately weighed. Too much causes crystallisation
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CARBOHYDRATES 1322 Classification • Simple carbs consist of 1 or 2 sugar units • Monosaccharides • Glucose‚ fructose‚ galactose • Disaccharides • Sucrose‚ lactose‚ maltose • Oligosaccharides consist of 3-10 sugar units • Not a simple or a complex carb • Complex carbs consist of 10 + sugar units • Polysaccharides • Starch and fiber Monosaccharides 6 carbons= hexose Monosaccharides • Glucose • Most abundant carbohydrate • Preferred source of energy for the RBC‚ brain‚ and nervous system
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WHAT IS HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP? * High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is a calorie-providing sweetener used to sweeten foods and beverages‚ particularly processed and store-bought foods. It is made by an enzymatic process from glucose syrup that is derived from corn. A relatively new food ingredient‚ it was first produced in Japan in the late 1960s‚ then entered the American food supply system in the early 1970s. HFCS is a desirable food ingredient for food manufacturers because it is equally
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interactions occurring between you & food. • Nutrients – about 45 substances that provide energy‚ structure or regulation of body processes. • Essential nutrients- need them‚ but can’t make them or fast enough. • Macronutrients- need in large amounts (carbohydrates‚ fats/lipids‚ proteins – provide energy/calories) • Micronutrients – need in very small amounts (vitamins‚ minerals- no energy/calories) • Phytochemicals- another category in plant food- not essential but have health promoting properties. Metrics
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respiration‚ or fermentation. In specific‚ how the type of sugar affects the rate of fermentation. The aim of this experiment was to find which type of sugar was best suited to produce ethanol. In the experiment‚ four different sugars were used‚ they included sucrose‚ glucose‚ lactose and fructose. This research is still relevant today‚ as alcohol is still consumed and is required on a large scale. This makes it crucial to companies to find the best sugar to use in the fermentation process. Cellular
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IB Biology Internal Assessment: Yeast Fermentation Rates Planning(a) Question- Growth: What is the effect on Yeast Growth/Expansion during fermentation when mixed in water of varying temperatures? Hypothesis- Temperatures above or below the recommended fermentation temperatures will contain less‚ or be void of growth‚ either due to inactivation or to yeast death. Variables- | | | | |
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Yeats Fermentation Lab Investigative Question: How does the sugar concentration affect the fermentation of yeast? Hypothesis: The percentage of sugar in a solution is directly proportional to the amount of produced CO2‚ as a result of Yeast fermentation. Data table: Amount of CO2 measured in cm. (Bubble length) | Trial | Percentage of sugar in solution | | | 0% | 5% | 10% | 15% | 20% | | 1 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 3.1 | | 2 | 0 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 5 | | 3 | 0 | 0.2 |
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CHAPTER 4 CARBOHYDRATES OVERVIEW This chapter discusses the energy-yielding nutrient‚ carbohydrates. Simple and complex carbohydrates are defined and identified with a highlight on fiber. Carbohydrates found in the food we eat‚ including various alternative sweeteners‚ are explored. The digestion and absorption of carbohydrates are examined. Carbohydrate intake recommendations are summarized and the roles of simple and complex carbohydrates in health maintenance are explored. The potential
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