CHAPTER 7 LECTURE SLIDES Respiration • Organisms can be classified based on how they obtain energy: • Autotrophs – Able to produce their own organic molecules through photosynthesis • Heterotrophs – Live on organic compounds produced by other organisms • All organisms use cellular respiration to extract energy from organic molecules Cellular respiration • Digestion – enzymes breaking down large macromolecules into smaller ones. • Cellular respiration is a series of reactions
Free Cellular respiration Adenosine triphosphate
MANAGING WASTE AND UNDERSTANDING THE PROCESS OF ETHANOL MAKING IN INDIA GLYCOL LTD. Summer Internship Project Report Submitted towards Partial fulfillment of Post Graduate Diploma in Management (Approved by AICTE‚ Govt. of India) Academic Session 2011-2013 Under the Guidance of: Industry Guide Mr. Praveen Srivastava SR. Manager (Production) Faculty Guide Mr. Anoop kumar Srivastava Dr. Shailendra Dube DY. Manager Professor
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*Austria‚ Beatrice April‚ Baybay‚ Jan Miko Aaron 2BMT I. ABSTRACT pH greatly affects the activity of enzymes. There is a point or pH level where maximum activity of enzyme can be achieved‚ this is called optimum pH. Invertase was extracted from yeast and used as the detanured enzymes. Two sets of six test tubes were each added with different pH level of buffered solution: 1- 0.1‚ 2-0.3‚ 3-0.5‚ 4-1.7‚ 5-1.9‚ 6-1.11. On the first set‚ enzyme stock was added while on the second set denatured enzyme
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nutritional purposes. It has also revealed great potential as future industrial bioenergy producer due to its robustness‚ high growth rate‚ and high carbohydrate and lipid contents‚ and can be cultured under autotrophic‚ heterotrophic and mixotrophic conditions. However‚ in presence of organic carbon sources‚ it produces higher biomass with better carbohydrate contents than its autotrophic cultures (Miao and Wu‚ 2004; 2006; Liang et al. 2009). Mixotrophic growth occurs when CO2 and organic carbon are
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Macromolecules The four macromolecules that are essential to life are Carbohydrates‚ Lipids‚ Proteins‚ and Nucleic Acids. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are made up of carbon‚ hydrogen‚ and oxygen. It provides energy for the body‚ especially the brain and the nervous system. The food sources are in sugar and grains. Lipids Lipids are made up of hydrogen‚ carbon and oxygen. It provides Energy storage‚ acting as structural components of cell membranes‚ and hormone production
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Lab Manual Introductory Biology (Version 1.4) © 2010 eScience Labs‚ LLC All rights reserved www.esciencelabs.com • 888.375.5487 2 Table of Contents: Introduction: Lab 1: The Scientific Method Lab 2: Writing a Lab Report Lab 3: Data Measurement Lab 4: Introduction to the Microscope Biological Processes: Lab 5: The Chemistry of Life Lab 6: Diffusion Lab 7: Osmosis Lab 8: Respiration Lab 9: Enzymes
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help break down fats‚ carbohydrates and proteins into smaller molecules the cells can use to get energy and carry out the processes that allow the plant or animal to survive. Without enzymes‚ most physiological processes would not take place. Hundreds of different types of enzymes are present in plant and animal cells and each is very specific in its function. Enzymes have an active site which has a complimentary base to a specific substrate‚ when these bind an enzyme-substrate complex is formed
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Some situations will contain multiple substrate molecules that the enzyme will change. The enzyme grabs on to the substrate in the active site‚ this is called the substrate complex. Catalysis happens when the substrate is changed‚ it will break or build chemical bond and you will be left with a products complex. The enzyme releases the product and they go back to the original
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enzymes needed in the ancient central pathway of glycolysis‚ in which glucose is oxidized to pyruvate in the absence of oxygen. The energy released in this process is used to generate ATP directly by substrate level phosphorylation‚ in which phosphate groups are transferred directly from organic substrates to ADP. To obtain energy from glucose‚ hydrogen atoms are removed from the glucose molecule as it is metabolized. These hydrogen atoms can be removed only by hydrogen (electron) carriers‚ such as NAD+
Free Cellular respiration Adenosine triphosphate Carbon dioxide
decolorization piercingly improved up to 100 mg L-1 of substrate concentration and utmost removal was observed at 100 mg L-1 of substrate concentration. Then‚ there was a slow but sure decline in the azo dye decolorization. Isolate 1was the most proficient azo dye removal strain with more or less complete removal of the color i.e.‚ 100% decolorization at 100 mg L-1 and minimum decolorization was recorded at 50 mg L-1 while after 100 mg L-1 substrate concentration‚ again 1 showed a decreasing trend. Isolate
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