The muscle physiology of skeletal muscle was observed by using electrical‚ physical‚ and neural stimulations of an isolated gastrocnemius muscle from Rana pipiens. The gastrocnemius receives signals from the action potentials of the sciatic nerve. The muscle contraction is caused by the binding of a neurotransmitter once the action potential reaches the neuromuscular junction. Stimulation of the muscle and the sciatic nerve allows for recording and measuring of these properties. We observed twitch
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PACL Laboratory Activity #11 Cardiovascular Fitness Assessment – Post-Test Name _______________Jonathan DiCrasto_______________________________ Date _____4/15/14_______________ Introduction: Earlier in this course you completed a Cardiovascular Fitness Assessment (Lab 2). You are now going to repeat this assessment to see the benefits of 12 weeks of consistent cardiovascular conditioning. You need to complete the same assessment you did at the beginning of the semester in order to have comparable
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The Skeleton is made up of 206 bones. There are two sections in the skeleton‚ the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton supports the head‚ neck and torso‚ and the appendicular supports the limbs and attaches the limbs to the rest of the body. There are five types of bones in the body‚ short bones‚ long bones‚ flat bones‚ irregular bones‚ and sesamoid bones. The skeleton has many functions. It supports the body and gives the body its shape. It allows movement to occur. The
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Skeletal muscle is a voluntary and striated muscle that attaches to the skeleton to allow control over posture and movement. Each skeletal muscle consists of bundles of muscles fibers called fascicles. These fascicles are composed of many individual muscle fibers or muscle cells that can be up to several millimeters long. These muscle fibers are composed of myofibrils‚ which are organized into thick filaments‚ myosin‚ and thin filaments‚ actin. These filaments are organized into repeating structures
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Observations made that constituted a positive (+) for inotropic effect were signs of increased force in regards to the heart muscle contracting. Likewise‚ a negative (-) inotropic effect was noted for signs of less forceful contractions of the pig heart. A positive chronotropic effect was denoted by an increase in heart rate‚ and conversely a negative chronotropic effect was observed by a decrease in overall heart rate shortly after the drugs were administered. Discussion: The results obtained
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Skeletal muscle moves because we want it to. It is controlled voluntarily (consciously). There is 2 types of contraction Isometric: As the muscle contracts‚ it remains the same length whilst the tension increases in an attempt to overcome the opposing force. Example: Holding a glass of water still in front of you. Isotonic: As the muscle contracts its length changes whilst the tension remains constant or develops to overcome the opposing force. Example: Lifting a glass of water to your mount and
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Increasing the stimulus amplitude will increase the contraction force. Due to two conditions being satisfied: (1) the strength of the contraction force is changed through varying the number of muscle cells utilized for the contraction and/or varying the frequency of the stimulus‚ and (2) there is a distribution of the stimulus amplitude necessary to cause an action potential in the muscle cells‚ increasing the stimulus amplitude makes it likely that a potentially larger number of muscle cells will
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The sense of connection between human beings is growing Do you feel connected with your family and friends? Do you feel a sense of “closeness” between each other? Do you feel that‚ with the help of technology‚ you finally have the opportunity to easily communicate with anyone you want? The answer to all three of these questions is a simple “yes”. Three brothers buried their mother about a month ago and were faced with the challenge of running a household‚ with a debt of more than $10000
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The Comparison and Contraction Between Various Skin Cells By: Michael McDaniel‚ Latoya Gates‚ Cristy Barfield‚ and Danielle Chapelle Abstract During this experiment we planned to compare and contrast human cheek cells of a variety of age groups‚ different stages of skin‚ and difference in species. We wanted to see if age could correlate to cell structure and size‚ if animal and human cells differed and if epidermal and cheek cells could differ in shape‚ size‚ and color. The age groups that
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Introduction Jan Swammerdam‚ who demonstrated that an isolated frog muscle could be made to contract when the sciatic nerve was irritated with a metal object‚ conducted the first muscle experiments between 1661 and 1665. Later‚ between 1737-1798 Luigi Galvani determined that frog muscle responded to electrical currents. The kymograph‚ which was invented in the late 1840’s lead to the revolution of experimental physiology because it enabled muscle contractions to be analyzed and recorded. The muscle
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