Objective: By the end of the lesson‚ leaner should be able to; 2.1 Explain how electronic transactions can reduce paperwork and delay(advantages ). 2.2 Examine how EDI has developed and laid the foundations for b2b e-business. 2.3 Evaluate the use of different Electronic Payment Systems. 1 Electronic Transactions Bringing this concept into perspective by answering the question. What is Electronic Transactions? (Class discussion). An act of buying or selling something or sending money electronically
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Transactional and Translational Exposure Problem Statement In September of 2001 General Motors (GM) was faced with a billion dollar exposure to the Canadian dollar. At the time‚ North America represented approximately three-quarters of GM’s total sales and this large exposure to the CAD could significantly affect GM’s financial results. GM had a passive strategy of hedging 50% of its exposure; this paper explores the impact of hedging 75% of the exposure. Additionally‚ GM faced a unique
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the contract which motivates the agent to a level of effort that would maximise the principals’ profit. Transaction cost economics ‘takes transaction as the focal unit of analysis’ (Alawattage‚ Wickramasinghe). TCE focus is on comparative understanding of the alternative arrangements within which transactions take place. It tries to explain why the firms exist and ‘why are some transactions more likely to be executed within one form of institutional arrangements‚ whereas others tend to be associated
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sometimes called the "but for" test). There is an important exception to this rule. In the case of a "divisible" disease such as pneumoconiosis‚ the amount of dust inhaled operates cumulatively to cause the disease and determine its severity. If exposure to the dust is partly due to the defendant’s negligence and partly not‚ the defendant will be liable to the extent that his breach of duty has materially contributed to the disease. If there is more than one defendant‚ liability can be apportioned
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main types of currency exposure. The first being economic risk. This deals with the impact of devaluation on the present value of the future earnings of the firm. It is very difficult to measure this concept because it depends on the reaction of the competitive context of the firm and the effect of the currency shock over competitors and customers. The second risk is the transaction exposure which is easier to measure and to hedge. Translation exposure or cash flow exposure concerns the actual cash
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Hedging Tiffany and Co.’s Foreign Currency Exposure in Japan Prepared for the Board of Directors of Tiffany & Company D.A.M.M. Business Consultants June 15‚ 1993 Table of Contents Executive summary ………………………………… Risk of foreign exchange exposure in Japan ……… Overview of the Japanese Economy ………………. Industry analysis ……………………………………. Internal & external environmental analysis………. Financial analysis …………………………………... Hedging foreign exchange exposure ………………. Recommendation …………………………………… Appendices
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When reformulating the Gig Economy phenomenon in a Transaction Cost Economics perspective‚ Proposition 1 arises: theoretically‚ the greater the uncertainty in the transaction is‚ the lower firms will recur to On-Demand services. In the specific case of Amazon Mechanical Turk and Upwork‚ uncertainty can be determined as: the degree to which the platforms’ infrastructure protect parties and guarantee the transaction (internal uncertainty); the extent to which different countries regulate temporary
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BMI and Daily Vibration Exposure A(8) In this case‚ the scatter plot looks plausible. All respondents have body mass index (BMI) between‚ 20.2 and 30.8. The body mass index are reasonably spread out with an average around 24.6. Next‚ the range for daily vibration exposure A(8) from roughly 0.86 to 1.41. On top of how BMI and daily vibration exposure are distributed separately‚ it can be seen that respondents with higher BMI tend to have higher daily vibration exposure A(8). This indicates a positive
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Child Exposure to Domestic Violence Child Exposure to Domestic Violence Child exposure to domestic violence has become the modern trend‚ which is happening way too often in many homes throughout the world today. Child exposure to domestic violence makes the exposed child to physiological indent to violence. Domestic violence is treated with consequences for violating the law. The crime can be considered a personal crime with traumatic psychological anxiety for the viewers of the crime. The
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another study on gun violence and children. This study examine the effects that gun violence exposure have on youth mental health and how trauma is associated with gun violence exposure (Slovak‚ 2002). According to research gun statistics‚ in the United States violent injury and death from a gun affect children and adolescents in urban settings (Slovak‚ 2002). The researchers investigate violence exposure and its relationship to mental health risk and they believed that this can cause an increased
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