a mercury electrode where a metal can be reduced‚ the metal will often then dissolve in the mercury to form an amalgam that modifies its electrochemistry greatly. For example‚ it is possible for sodium cations to be reduced at a mercury cathode to form sodium amalgam‚ while at an inert electrode (such as platinum) the sodium cations are not reduced. Instead‚ water is reduced to hydrogen. A detergent or fine solid can be used to stabilize an emulsion‚ or third phase. Contents [hide] * 1 Measures of effectiveness
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transferred from one atom to another. When the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms in a bond is large‚ the more electronegative atom can strip an electron off of the less electronegative one to form a negatively charged anion and a positively charged cation. The two ions are held together in an ionic bond because the oppositely charged ions attract each other as described by Coulomb ’s Law. Ionic compounds‚ when in the solid state‚ can be described as ionic lattices whose shapes are
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table. Calcium commonly forms the cation Ca2+ by donating 2 electrons‚ reaching a stable electron configuration. Calcium is an alkaline earth metal. Magnesium is a chemical element with symbol Mg and atomic number 12. Magnesium is a shiny gray solid under standard conditions. Magnesium atoms have an electron configuration of (2‚ 8‚ 2) and 2 outermost shell electrons. Magnesium is in group 2 and period 3 of the periodic table. Magnesium commonly forms the cation Mg2+ by donating 2 electrons‚ reaching
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A balanced diet is one that provides a good intake of energy and nutrients for maintenance of the body and for the good health. A diet can easily support normal body functioning‚ yet may not be a balanced diet. An ideal human diet contains fat‚ protein‚ carbohydrates‚ vitamins‚ minerals‚ water and fibre all in correct proportions. These proportions vary for each individual because everyone has different type of metabolic style and levels of activity. Malnutrition results from an unbalanced diet
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Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education Examination Chemistry School-based Assessment Sample Tasks Teachers may use the sample tasks for non-profit making educational and research purposes with proper acknowledgement. © 留 2010 Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority All Rights Reserved 2010 Chemistry School-based Assessment Practical Related Tasks Volumetric analysis Teacher Notes NSS Chemistry Curriculum Link: Time Required: 40 minutes Topic IV Acids and Bases Students
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element that very in numbers of neutrons. Electron Shells: Energy levels of electrons. Ions: Charged particles with unequal number of protons and neutrons. Cations: Positively charged ions. Anions: Negatively charged ions. Covalent Bond: The sharing of (single‚ double) a pair of electrons. Ionic Bond: The attraction of a cation to an anion (ex. Na+ and Cl-). Hydrogen Bond: Weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom (covalently bonded to an oxygen or nitrogen atom) in one molecule
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a dark room. If the laser shines through‚ there is a weak Tyndall and no precipitate. If there is a beam of light from the laser running through the solution‚ it has a strong Tyndall and a precipitate. In this reaction‚ the anion oxalate (C2O42-)combined with the cation calcium (Ca2+ ) because when the oxalate ion was dropped into the test solution containing the calcium ion‚ the calcium ion was no longer attracted to the water‚ but was instead attracted to the oxalate. This attraction resulted
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2 1. What is the difference between potential and kinetic energy? Name at least one example of each type. 2. What are the three subatomic particles that constitute the atom? What is the electrical charge of each? 3. Distinguish between anions and cations. 4. What are the four major chemical elements of the body? 5. Distinguish between an ionic and a covalent chemical bond. 6. Define electronegativity. 7. Describe how polar covalent bonds are formed and how electrical charges are distributed
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up the exothermic reaction. Because the electron potential of magnesium is lower than that of iron (the less reactive metal)‚ electrons will pass from the magnesium to the iron‚ and only from there into the water. Although magnesium cations (Mg2+) and hydroxide anions (OH-) continue to be formed‚ they are separated by the iron and cannot combine to form magnesium hydroxide. As a result‚ the magnesium does not become passivated by a coating of magnesium hydroxide‚ which
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Chemistry 12 lab 20-D Chemistry 12 Joanna Bragiel TA Solution | Colour of Uni. Indicator | pH | Type of hydrolysis | NaCH3COO | Blue- green | 9 | Anionic | NaCl | Green | 8 | Neither | (NH4)Cl | Green- yellow | 7 | Neither | (NH4)2SO4 | Green- Yellow | 7 | Neither | AlCl3 | Red-orange | 3 | Cationic | Ca(NO3)2 | Murky green | 7 | Neither | Fe2(SO4)3 | Red | 2.5 | Cationic | Na2CO3 | Dark blue | 9.5 | Anionic | Na3PO4 | Orange-red | 3 | Cationic | K2SO4 | Green | 7 | Neither
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