Gabriela Rios-Martinez March 1‚ 2014 BIO 141 Exam 1 Study Questions Chapter 1: Biology and the Tree of Life (#1 – 4) 1. What is the difference between a hypothesis and a scientific Theory? Between a hypothesis and a prediction? What kinds of hypotheses are useful for scientific investigations that try to explain the natural world‚ and which are not? Give one or more examples of hypotheses that are and are not scientifically useful. (a.) A scientific theory has two components; a pattern
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Mechanisms of Acetaminophen-lnduced Liver Necrosis By Jack A. Hinson‚ Dean W. Roberts‚ and Laura P. James Acetaminophen (paracetamol‚ N-acetyl-p-aminophenol; APAP) is widely used as analgesic and antipyretic drug. At therapeutic doses‚ acetaminophen is safe to be used. Acetaminophen other than aspirin and ibuprofen has only weak anti-inflammatory properties. At higher doses‚ acetaminophen produces a centrilobular hepatic necrosis that can be fatal. Acetaminophen-lnduced Hepatotoxicity Observation/
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Cellular Energetics Study Guide 1. Overall Metabolism a. Oxidation – a molecule LOSSES hydrogen‚ energy is RELEASED b. Reduction – a molecule GAINS hydrogen‚ energy is GAINED and stored (the more reduced a molecule is‚ the more energy is stored in its COVALENT BONDS) *** Always occur in a coupled pair (RED-OX)*** c. Electron Carriers i. Oxidizing Agents: are REDUCED to OXIDIZE another molecule 1. NAD+ - oxidizes glucose to 2 pyruvate in glycolysis
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of fermentation increases‚ therefore the more carbon dioxide released”. Background All cells need to obtain energy through the breakdown of organic molecules such as glucose. This process is known as respiration. When cells find it difficult to obtain oxygen that they need for aerobic respiration‚ the process
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nutrients oxygen and glucose via the blood stream. Oxygen is need for aerobic respiration to occur. The Cardiovascular System The function of the respiratory system is to remove carbon dioxide and water from the body‚ also to maintain an oxygen to supply to each of the cells. In the respiratory system there is internal and external respiration. The internal respiration is carried out in the body cells whereas external respiration consists of blood transport‚ breathing and gaseous exchange. The respiratory
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Adenosine Triphosphate Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is considered by biologists to be the energy currency of life. It is the high-energy molecule that stores the energy we need to do just about everything we do. It is present in the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm of every cell‚ and essentially all the physiological mechanisms that require energy for operation obtain it directly from the stored ATP. (Guyton) As food in the cells is gradually oxidized‚ the released energy is used to re-form the ATP so
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assisted by enzymes and requiring energy 8. Diffusion act of diffusing; state of being diffused. The reflection or refraction of radiation such as light or sound by an irregular surface‚ tending to scatter it in many directions. 9. Cell energy Cellular respiration‚ also known as ’oxidative metabolism’‚ is one of the key ways a cell gains useful energy 10. Diffusion act of diffusing; state of being diffused 11. Chemical processes any process determined by the atomic and molecular composition and
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ATP Synthase: The World’s Smallest Motor Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a coenzyme produced in cellular mitochondria and is not only integral to cellular metabolism but also to life. The mitochondrial production of ATP‚ which occurs through a complex process called oxidative phosphorylation‚ has been determined to rely heavily on the enzyme ATP synthase. This determination was the result of a complex experiment that attempted to prove not only that ATP synthase was responsible for production
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Respiration is the process by which energy is released energy from glucose in the presence of Oxygen‚ forming carbon dioxide and water as waste products. Glucose releases energy in a series of reactions that take place inside components of the cell. The stages are briefly explained below as were briefly explained in part A‚ the process then goes through‚ glycolosis‚ link reaction and then the Krebs cycle. The volume of CO2 that is produced in the Krebs cycle is important as this is the dependant
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loss of water vapour from the exposed parts of a plant; by evaporation from the leaves‚ stems and branches and by the escape of water vapour through the stomata. Respiration: Respiration is the breakdown of glucose molecules to synthesize(produce) energy.there are two types of respiration: aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration. Consider the food chain below: Algae →larvae →crabs →fish (a)Name The producer; algae One carnivore; fish One herbivore; larvae The secondary consumer;
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