especially as structural components of body tissues such as muscle‚ hair‚ collagen‚ etc.‚ and as enzymes and antibodies. Carbohydrates: any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars‚ starch‚ and cellulose. They contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water (2/1) and typically can be broken down to release energy in the animal body. Fats: a natural oily or greasy substance occurring in animal bodies‚ especially when deposited as a layer under
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components of sawdust are cellulose‚ hemicellulose‚ lignin‚ pectin‚ waxes‚ and water-soluble substances [2]‚ [3]. Cellulose‚ hemicellulose‚ and lignin are the main components contributed the strength‚ flexural‚ and impact properties of the composites. Moreover the bonding between sawdust and the hydrophobic matrix has effected to the mechanical properties of the composite material. The major problems of wood composites are associated with the hydrophilic character of the cellulose structure of fiber. To
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The Nature of biology and science Cell theory: * All organisms are made of cells and the products of cells * All cells come from pre-existing cells * The cell is the smallest organisational unit Cells have an outer membrane‚ encloses fluid contents of cell (cytoplasm) Robert Hooke (1665): observed dead cells from bark Anton van Leeuwenhoek: described living cells Matthias Schleiden: plant issues Theodor Schwann: animal tissues Bacteria found without nucleus and lacking other membrane-bound
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Anatomy of Flowering Plants Tissues A tissue is a group of cells having a common origin and usually performing a common function. Based on cell’s capability to divide‚ tissues are classified into two main groups which are as follows: 1. Meristematic and 2. Permanent tissues. Meristematic Tissues: Cells in the meristematic tissue are capable of dividing. Meristematic tissues are found in those regions which need to grow continuously. For example‚ root tips and stem tips contain meristematic
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THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE (Review 1-7) I. Basic Chemistry A. Elements 1. Definition- an element is a substance composed of a single type of atom 2. Major elements of the human body 3. Trace elements of the body B. Atoms 1. Definition- the atom is the smallest part of an element which cannot be broken down further by ordinary chemical means. Atoms are composed of protons‚ neutrons and electrons. 2. Particles that make up atoms
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market share for toothpastes in China.[4] COLGATE active salt toothpaste Active ingredient Sodium monofluorophosphate 0.76% (0.15% w/v fluoride ion) Inactive ingredients dicalcium phosphate dihydrate‚ water‚ glycerin‚ sodium lauryl sulfate‚ cellulose gum‚ flavor‚ tetrasodium pyrophosphate‚ sodium
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allows some materials to pass through but not all | Chloroplast | A special plastid that contains chlorophyll a pigment that captures the sun’s energy to produce glucose in a process called photosynthesis | Cell Wall | Rigid outer layer made of cellulose that supports and protects the cell (plant‚ fungi‚ and bacterial cells) | Vesicle | Stores and Transports substances from the Golgi Body to the cell membrane for export. "The UPS truck of the cell" | Cytoskeleton | gives support and shape to
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Organisms that aren’t food producers must be food consumers. This method of nutrition is described as heterotrophic (eating others). Consumers include: predators‚ parasites‚ scavengers‚ decomposers and some green plants (e.g. sundews‚ Venus flytrap‚ pitcher plants). The food sources may be all or any of: plants‚ animals‚ fungi or bacteria; either living or dead. The advantages of the heterotrophic method of nutrition are: the food usually contains all the appropriate chemicals needed by
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Page 1 of 8 BIOLOGY 12- CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Chapter Notes THE CELL THEORY • Although different living things may be as unlike as a violet and an octopus‚ they are all built in essentially the same way. The most basic similarity is that all living things are composed of one or more cells. This is known as the Cell Theory. • our knowledge of cells is built on work done with microscopes • English scientist Robert Hooke in 1665 first described cells from his observations of cork slices
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(Pearson) Bacterial Cell Wall VS. Plant Cell Wall The bacterial cell wall consists mostly of a chemical called peptidoglycan‚ which is a protein sugar molecule which is an essential need for the bacteria to survive. Plant cell walls contain cellulose‚ pectin and hemicellulose and have two cell walls‚ a primary wall that is thin and flexible‚ and a secondary wall that is thick and contains lignin. Both the bacterial and plant cell wall are there to surround and protect them from the environment
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