Patterns in Nature 1. Organisms are made of cells that have similar structural characteristics * Outline the historical development of the cell theory‚ in particular the contributions of Robert Hooke and Robert Brown Robert Hooke was the first person to observe a cell through a compound microscope in 1665. Franscesco Redi used a microscope to observe that flies do not spontaneously appear but develop from eggs laid by other flies. Many years later‚ Robert Brown observed a large body in
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PHARMACOGNOSY REVIEWER In pharmacognosy‚ drugs may be classified based on morphology‚ chemical constituents and therapeutic applications (NOT price in the market) Factors that influence secondary constituent: heredity‚ ontogeny‚ environment Chromatography: process based on distribution of mixture between 2 phases General Information Discoverers/Scientists Joseph Caventou & Pelletier Quinine antimalarial Pierre Robiquet Codeine/Narcotine Philip Geiger & Rudolf Brandes Hyoscyamine and
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These organisms are veritable sugar factories‚ producing millions of new glucose molecules per second. Plants use much of this glucose‚ a carbohydrate‚ as an energy source to build leaves‚ flowers‚ fruits‚ and seeds. They also convert glucose to cellulose‚ the structural material used in their cell walls. Most plants produce more glucose than they use‚ however‚ and they store it in the form of starch and other carbohydrates in roots‚ stems‚ and leaves. The plants can then draw on these reserves for
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directories‚ and residential mixed paper. How to paper recycling? The process of paper recycling involves mixing used paper with water and chemicals to break it down. It is then chopped up and heated‚ which breaks it down further into strands of cellulose‚ a type of organic plant material; this resulting mixture is called pulp‚ or slurry. It is strained through screens‚ which remove any glue or plastic that may still be in the mixture then cleaned‚ de-inked‚ bleached‚ and
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concentrations will lower the free energy (water potential); termed osmotic potential (ψs) 2) turgor pressure (ψp) in plant cell- positive pressure inside plant cells; increases free energy; loss of turgor = wilting 3) surfaces of macromolecules (e.g. cellulose) exerts an attractiveforce on water- matric potential (ψm); lowers the free energy; usually a minor component‚ and often ignored Total water potential of a plant: Ψplant =ψs + ψp + ψm Soil water potential same components as plants‚ but with
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Chapter I BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Introduction Recycling waste and used materials for some useful purpose is an effective means of conserving resources‚ of reducing waste disposal‚ and‚ often‚ of cutting cost (Spectrum‚ 2005). As human beings‚ we pollute the environment through many ways. One of the major pollutants is the waste we produce. Everyday millions of tons of trash get dumped into Earth’s landfills‚ but soon‚ those landfills will be full and we won’t have anywhere to store our waste
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1.Carbohydrates Consists of CnH2xOx • Include sugars • Classified into groups based on the number of carbon atoms per molecule. • Classes of Carbohydrates o Monosaccharides ▪ Simple sugars o Disaccharides ▪ Compound sugars o Polysaccharides ▪ Complex sugars a. Monosaccharides • Simple sugars • Contain about 3 to 6 carbon atoms per molecule o Trioses
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Food Science Study Guide Food Science- the discipline in which biology‚ physical sciences‚ and engineering are used to study the nature of foods‚ the causes of their deterioration‚ and the principles underlying food processing Food Technology- the application of food science to the selection‚ preservation‚ processing‚ packaging‚ distribution‚ and the use of safe‚ nutritious‚ and wholesome food Aspects of Food Quality -Appearance -Size and shape -Color -Structure -Transparency
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Disaccharides 2 monosaccharides combined glucose + glucose = maltose Polysaccharides Many monosaccharides combined together to create STARCH‚ CELLULOSE and GLYCOGEN Starch (amylose-simpler diagram)- long term energy and storage Glycogen (more branched diagram) - unused glucose is turned into glycogen and stored for later use Cellulose- plant cells are made of this which is why they are rigid. Used in digestion in humans‚ cleans out colon and intestines. Proteins – building blocks
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When the actual FD&C dyes in the green Kool-Aid were revealed‚ it was discovered that the initial assumption that Yellow 5 and Blue 1 are in the Kool-Aid was correct. However‚ solely based upon the Rf values‚ the dyes in the green Kool-Aid are Red 40 and Yellow 6 as those are closet Rf value to the numeric data collected and calculated from the Kool-Aid chromatogram. However‚ the chromatography paper in both trials display that the dyes in Kool-Aid are a form of yellow and a form of blue because
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