catalyst free reaction by stirring reaction mixture of a and b in ethanol at room temperature. Additionally‚ several reactions were performed using various catalysts in different reaction conditions and results are summarized in Table 1. The catalyst free reaction fails to produce selective benzimidazole and conversion of reactants in long reaction time and obtained only 21 % conversion with 13 % selective yield of c after 48 h reaction time (Table I‚ Entry 1). Later on‚ the same reaction performed at
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change 2 is endothermic 3. change 1 is exothermic; change 2 is exothermic 4. change 1 is endothermic; change 2 is exothermic 2. Which of the following involves a chemical reaction? 1. cooking a cake 2. filtering sand from water 3. fractionally distilling oil 4. melting ice 3. Which of these involves a chemical reaction? 1. boiling water 2. apples decaying 3. magnetizing iron 4. ice melting 4. Which of these processes is always exothermic? 1. evaporation 2. insulation
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Temperature is a measure of kinetic energy. As this movement increases‚ collision rate and intensity‚ and therefore reaction rates‚ increase. This experiment was conducted to determine if there is a minimum temperature that increase kinetic energy and denature enzymes to slow enzymatic reactions or fail to catalyze them. The experimental results indicate an increase in temperature will increase reaction rates until proteins denature. Introduction Enzymes combine with reactant molecules (substrate) and
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Physical and Chemical Properties Toby Orme-Lab 4 Solubility or Reaction Substance Name Color Odor Effect of Heat Cold H2O Hot H2O Litmus Test Dilute HCl Dilute NaOH Mg Silver N/A N/A Non soluble Bubbles Basic Hot/fizz N/A Cu Copper N/A Purple then turned black Non soluble N/A N/A N/A N/A Zn Silver N/A N/A Non Soluble N/A N/A Vaporized and fizzed N/A MgO White N/A Omits gas Hazy mix Boiled Rapidly Basic Got hot and fizzed Became thick or pasty CuCO3 Green N/A Turned black Hazy Green Became powdery
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Title: Effect of a Catalyst on Reaction Rate II. Introduction: The basis of the experiment is the enzyme; an enzyme is a biological molecule that acts as a highly selective catalyst. By combining with a substrate‚ an enzyme is able to create a new product that helps the body function. (Ex. Lactose/Lactase) A substrate is a molecule an enzyme acts upon‚ the two combine at an area called an active site. This active site allows induced fit which allows the reaction to occur and a new product to be
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The E2 reaction performed began by dehydrohalogenating the 3-chloro-3‚ 7-dimethyloctane with potassium hydroxide in aqueous ethanol. The 3-chloro-3‚ 7-dimethyloctane will lose a hydrogen from three different carbons that cause the formation of three constitutional isomers. If the hydroxide ion attacks a hydrogen on the 3-methyl carbon‚ then 2-ethyl-6-methyl-1-heptene will be the product. If a hydrogen on the carbon-2 was attacked‚ then the product would be 3‚ 7-dimethyl-2-octene. If a hydrogen was
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13 – Chemical Kinetics Page 1 of 13 Acknowledgements: Many of the images are adopted from Tro’s textbook‚ the only purpose of which is to enhance student learning. Key terms‚ concepts‚ skills: Refer to pp 599 – 601. Review questions: 3 – 24. Suggested problems: 25‚ 27‚ 33‚ 39‚ 43‚ 53‚ 57‚ 59‚ 69‚ 73‚ 75‚ 81‚ 93‚ 103. 13.1 & 2 Introduction to the Rate of a Chemical Reaction • kinetics is the study of the factors that affect the speed of a reaction and the mechanism by which a reaction proceeds
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CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM Reversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium Ammonia (NH3) is an important industrial chemical that is used in the manufacture of fertilisers. It is manufactured by reacting hydrogen with nitrogen. The reaction is said to be reversible and the conversion of reactants to products is never complete. N2 + 3H2 2NH3 A reversible reaction is a reaction which can take place in either direction When the concentrations of the reactants and product have become constant‚ a
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Examination #2 - Chapters 4‚5‚ and 6 Study Guide Chapter 4 - Chemical Quantities and Aqueous Reactions * Reactions Stoichiometry * mole-mole conversions * mass-mass conversions * Limiting Reactants * What is the Limiting Reagent * How do we find the L.R. * Solutions * Molarity - definition and how to calculate * Dilutions Calculations (M1V1 = M2V2‚ careful with M2) * Solution Stoichiometry * volume-volume conversions * volume-mass
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Dances with Wolves Reaction Paper Reaction or response papers are usually requested by teachers so that you’ll consider carefully what you think or feel about something you’ve read. The following guidelines are intended to be used for reacting to a reading although they could easily be used for reactions to films too. Read whatever you’ve been asked to respond to‚ and while reading‚ think about the following questions. * How do you feel about what you are reading? * What do you agree or
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