Determination of Chlorine and Iodine in Water I. Introduction The purpose of this laboratory was to determine the amount of chlorine and iodine in a sample of water by titration using a starch indicator and to standardize a sodium thiosulfate solution. Chlorine is added to municipal water supplies to purify it enough to become safe to drink. Iodine is also added to water when people camp or go hiking in the back country where they cannot bring purified water along. Chlorine and iodine are added
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mentioned in the Reactions chapter are redox reactions. Synthesis reactions are also redox reactions if there is an exchange of electrons to make an ionic bond. If chlorine gas is added to sodium metal to make sodium chloride‚ the sodium has donated an electron and the chlorine has accepted an electron to become a chloride ion or an attached chlorine. If a compound divides into elements in a decomposition‚ a decomposition reaction could be a redox reaction. The electrolysis of water is a redox reaction
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Copper is instead in group 11 and has very different chemical properties compared to magnesium and calcium. Hydrochloric acid is an acidic compound with the chemical formula HCl. A hydrochloric acid molecule consists of a hydrogen atom H and a chlorine atom
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liquid sodium nitrate did not violate the conservation of mass. Experiment one is in support of the conservation of energy pertaining to chemicals because heat energy was released when magnesium (Mg) and hydrochloric acid (2 HCl) to create magnesium chlorine (MgCl₂) and hydrogen (H₂). this reaction was exothermic because heat was produced in the process and released into the surroundings. The energy did not disappear in the reaction as it was clearly released from the substance. Therefore‚ the law of
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Chlor-alkali is an industrial process widely used to produce chlorine‚ caustic soda‚ and other chlorine and sodium derived/based products such as sodium hypochlorite‚ hydrochloric acid‚ chlorosulphonic acid‚ bleaching power‚ polyaluminium chloride‚ hydrogen gas‚ and chlorinated paraffin. The process uses brine (sodium chloride) solution during electrolysis to produce aforesaid products which are also known as Chlor-Alkali Industry /market products. The report estimates the market size of Chlor-Alkali
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Water Treatment Water Demand • Various types of water demands for a city – Domestic water demands – Commercial & industrial demand – Fire demand – Demand for public uses – Compensate losses demand Water Demand • Domestic water demand – It depends on the habits‚ social status‚ climatic conditions and customs of the people. – The domestic consumption of water under normal conditions is considered to be about 135 LPCD (IS 1172-1971) – The details of domestic consumption per person
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electrodes. To understand electrolysis‚ you need to know what an ionic substance is. Ionic substances form when a metal reacts with a non-metal. They contain charged particles called ions. For example‚ sodium chloride forms when sodium reacts with chlorine. It contains positively charged sodium ions and negatively charged chloride ions. Ionic substances can be broken down by electricity. Electrolysis is the process by which ionic substances are decomposed (broken down) into simpler substances when
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of chlorine gas in a battlefield started‚ even though the Hague declaration and Convention forbade the use of poison weapons in the warfare. The Germans attacked France with the chlorine gas‚ but the French were not prepared at all for this attack. The effects of the chlorine gas to the soldiers was very severe; within seconds it destroyed their respiratory organs and it gave them choking attacks. Right after the Chlorine gas‚ came the Phosgene. Phosgene was more potent than the Chlorine gas
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learned that the use of poison gas was started by France. They used poison gas against Germans in the war. Then Germans started using poison gas against most of the other country and their allies. The poison gas used was phosgene gas‚ mustard gas‚ chlorine‚ Asphyxiate‚ and Lachrymator (tearing agent). Most of these gases contain toxic and a harmful bacterium that can cause damage to humans immediately. Secondly I learned that for first time in the war; poison gas was like a weapon but only used to
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transformed into chlorine and hydroxide ions through the following reaction: Then‚ the hydroxyl is able to attack the rather acidic (pKa ~ 20) α-hydrogen of the ketone. This acidity is due to the stability of the resonance structures of the corresponding enolate ion that forms upon dissociation. When the hydroxide is able to subtract a hydrogen atom‚ a carbanion is formed. This carbanion is a very strong base and is able to attack the chlorine thus taking one of the chlorine atoms. The introduction
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