9.1 Orbitals and Theories of Chemical Bonding 1. Which one of the statements concerning valence bond (VB) and molecular orbital (MO) bond theories is correct? a) MO theory predicts that electrons are localized between pairs of atoms. b) In VB theory‚ bonding electrons are delocalized over the molecule. c) MO theory accurately describes bonding in O2 and NO‚ VB theory does not. d) VB theory can describe molecular bonding in excited states. e) MO theory is used to accurately predict
Premium Chemical bond Atom Electron configuration
The purpose of this lab was to use gas chromatography to determine the relative amounts of the three components of gas products from the dehydration reaction of 1- and 2-Butanol with sulfuric acid and the dehydrobromination reaction of 1- and 2-Bromobutane with potassium tert-butoxide. E1 reactions are two-step unimolecular reactions. The first step of an E1 reaction occurs when a leaving group‚ which consists of a weak base‚ leaves an organic compound‚ leaving an intermediate carbocation. In the
Premium Alcohol Oxygen Chemistry
lab is to separate the caffeine samples we are using‚ using thin layer chromatography. The solvent we are using for the separation is 3:1 mixture of Chloroform and Acetone. Principle: Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is an important technique that is useful for separating organic compounds. TLC is often used to monitor the progress of organic reactions and to check the purity of products. Separations in Thin layer chromatography involve distributing a mixture of two or more substances between a stationary
Premium Thin layer chromatography Chromatography Analytical chemistry
A0133901R 1. Aim 1. To isolate chlorophyll and beta carotene from plant leaves using column chromatography. 2. To qualitatively characterise the pigments with UV-vis spectroscopy and TLC. 2. Results and discussion Isolation of beta carotene and chlorophylls by column chromatography Upon the loading of S1 (the extract of the plant leaves in hexane)‚ a yellow band appeared at the top part of the silica column immediately after the solvent level descended to just above the sand layer. This yellow
Premium Chlorophyll Chromatography Thin layer chromatography
support‚ silica gel‚ which acts as a Lewis acid catalyst to facilitate the reaction. The reaction forms a porphyrinogen‚ which is then oxidized to the porphyrin product by atmospheric oxygen. Column chromatography is performed for the isolation and purification of tetraphenlyporphin‚ and the thin layer chromatography for analysis.It was concluded that the renention factor(Rf) of the 5‚10‚15‚20- Tetraphenylporphyrin with a percent yield of 61% Introduction: In this experiment 5‚10‚15‚20‚ tetraphenylporphyrin
Premium Solvent Thin layer chromatography Chemical reaction
Yuri Anthony D. Sucgang BMLS-IA Electrophoresis Machine Gel Electrophoresis Apparatus(Aragose Gel) Electrophoresis is the motion of dispersed particles relative to a fluid under the influence of a spatially uniform electric field. Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory procedure used to separate biological molecules with an electrical current. In this lesson‚ we’ll review how agarose gel electrophoresis works and introduce the equipment necessary to perform an electrophoresis experiment.
Free Chromatography Thin layer chromatography Hydrochloric acid
Standing over fifty-eight feet high is the Marble Column from the Temple of Artemis at Sardis‚ known as one of the seven wonders of the world. The marble column that stands tall at the Metropolitan Museum of Art is different from the rest found at the site of the temple because the capital is slightly smaller than the rest. This indicates that it did not belong to the outer colonnade. The columns at the Temple of Artemis are found to be ionic orders‚ being one of the three different types of orders
Premium Ancient Rome Corinthian order Ionic order
Gas chromatography (GC) is a type of chromatography that uses a carrier gas as the mobile phase and a column as the stationary phase. The sample is injected into the instrument and is heated until the sample‚ which includes both analyte and solvent‚ boils. The analyte must have a relatively low boiling point in order to be to be pushed through the column along with the carrier gas‚ helium.1 The column used in the experiment was a non-polar Agilent HP-5 column (specific phase found
Premium Orange Citrus Essential oil
he backbone (vertebral column) is the central axis of the skeleton. It extends from the base of the skull to the bottom of the pelvis. It consists of 26 individual bones grouped into five separate regions; The vertebrae‚ twelve thoracic vertebrae‚ five lumbar vertebrae‚ one sacral bone and one coccygeal bone. (Cinnamon L. VanPutte‚ Jennifer L. Regan‚ Andrew F. Russo‚ McGraw-Hill‚ 2010.) The Vertebral column also host major curvatures; The sacral and thoracic both concaving anteriorly and the lumbar
Premium Bone Skeletal system Muscle
distillation and gas chromatography based on their difference in boiling points. The boiling point of hexane is 69 degrees Celsius and the boiling point of toluene is 110 degrees Celsius. Three fractions were collected for both simple and fractional distillation. The first fraction was hexane since it had the lower boiling point. The second fraction was a mixture of toluene and hexane. The third fraction was toluene since it had the high boiling point of 110 degrees Celsius. Gas chromatography was also preformed
Premium Distillation Gas Water