coupled with Edward also being susceptible to the confirmation bias which as affirmed by Frost‚ Casey‚ Griffin‚ Raymundo‚ Farrell & Carrigan (2015) as an inclination to identify and interpret evidence in a way that is supportive of their pre-existing beliefs‚ expectations or hypotheses. As Edward remembers Tom as an outstanding footballer and has had two informal interviews with him (which seemed more of a social than a business meet)‚ he has a confirmation bias in which he sees Tom as a junior and a friend
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used judgmental heuristics in reporting and overlooking the problems. Judgmental heuristics signifies rules of shortcuts that people use to reduce information-processing demands. In making decisions both firms management and rig workers made many mistakes. These mistakes were associated with variety of biases that occurred due to using the judgmental heuristics (Kreitner‚ 2013‚ p.335). The specific biases that were present in this case are representativeness heuristic‚ confirmation bias‚ overconfidence
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a set of premises Heuristics and dialectical thinking Heuristic A rule of thumb that suggests a course of action or guides problem solving but does not guarantee an optimal solution Dialectical reasoning A process in which opposing facts or ideas are weighed and compared‚ with a view to determining the best solution or resolving differences Affect heuristic The tendency to consult one’s emotions instead of estimating probabilities objectively. Availability heuristic The tendency to judge
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psychological (PSYCHO 241) standpoint. Firstly‚ 11/12 jurors acted as cognitive misers‚ leading to heuristic thinking due to a lack of time‚ importance‚ and information. These men used the representative heuristic by utilizing their schema of "slum kids" as a prototype. They also used the availability heuristic as media portrays these children in a bad light. Ultimately‚ this led to confirmation bias as the jurors expected that the boy must be guilty due to their stereotype/prejudice towards "slum
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specific‚ step-by-step procedure for solving certain types of problems. Heuristic- is an educated guess based on prior experiences that help narrow down the possible solutions for a problem. Also knows as a “rule of thumb”. Representative heuristic- is an assumption that any object (or person) sharing characteristics with the members of a particular category are also a member of that category. Availability heuristic- is an estimating the frequency or likelihood of an event based on how
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reminds herself that the most expensive brands are the best. Megan’s self-reminder illustrates the use of: d. a heuristic. 2. Because he erroneously believes that older workers are not as motivated as younger workers to work hard‚ a factory foreman is especially vigilant for any signs of laziness among his senior workers. His supervision strategy best illustrates: c. confirmation bias. 3. A defense attorney emphasizes to a jury that her client works full-time‚ supports his family‚ and enjoys
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invest into? And why did everyone involved allow the whole thing to go this far? The Analysis The Wall Street bankers ignored the fact that the mortgages were risky is mainly due to the confirmation bias‚ specifically‚ the Anchoring Heuristic. Bazerman and Moore’s (2009) defines the Anchoring Heuristic as “Individuals make estimates for values based upon an initial value (derived from past events‚ random assignment‚ or whatever information is available) and typically make insufficient adjustments
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Chapter 10 – Thinking and Language Outline Thinking • Cognition refers to al the mental activities associated with processing‚ understanding‚ remembering and communicating • Cognitive psychologists study the mental activities Concepts • Concepts refers to the mental grouping of similar objects‚ events and people. • The organization of concepts into categories is known as hierarchies. • Prototypes are the mental image or best example that incorporates all the features
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Social Psychology Study Guide Exam 1 Note: in this guide‚ I focus a bit more on textbook material‚ as that is probably the hardest material to digest. I’m assuming in doing so that you have come to class faithfully‚ taken good notes‚ and asked questions about any concepts you did not understand. This guide is best used as a check on your comprehension after you have already studied your notes and the book chapters (and don’t forget to review the Rosenthal and Jacobson reading as well). Ch
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MEMORY / COGNITION TEST REVIEW SHEET Chapter 9 – Memory MEMORY: The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information. FLASHBULB MEMORY: A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event. Example: 9/11 Terrorist Attacks ENCODING: The processing of information into the memory system. Example: Adding meaning to the information. STORAGE: The retention of encoded information over time. RETRIEVAL: The process of getting information out
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