Behaviour based on bias – how heuristics and biases effect behaviour by perpetuating prejudiced views A prejudice is a preconceived perception‚ usually negative‚ towards an individual or group. Prejudiced views and actions are everywhere in society and around us. There are numerous types of prejudiced views (such as prejudices against certain ethnicities)‚ along with numerous origins for them‚ like upbringing - for example‚ if we grew up in an area where there were many crimes committed by people
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that causes distortions or errors in thought or judgement. There are multiple types of cognitive biases‚ three examples I have experienced are confirmation bias‚ representativeness heuristic‚ and the availability heuristic. In each of these examples of cognitive bias‚ my brain has made errors in thought or judgement. My first example is with confirmation bias‚ which “is the tendency to search for‚ interpret‚ favor‚ and recall information in a way that confirms one’s preexisting beliefs or hypotheses
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viewpoints and this is why an open-ended discussion‚ as seen in the movie‚ would be beneficial to ensure a broad understanding of the film. The very first observation I made was that 11 of the jurors acted as cognitive misers‚ taking part in the confirmation bias‚ during the prosecution. These 11 men‚ normally motivated tacticians according to Kruglanski (1996)‚ became cognitive misers due to a lack of time‚ importance‚ and
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Connor Tom AP Psychology P.6 2/2/2014 Ch. 10 Objective Questions 1. Describe the nature of concepts and the role of prototypes in concept formation. We use concepts to simplify and order the world around us. We divide clusters of objects‚ events‚ ideas‚ or people into categories based on their similarities. In creating hierarchies‚ we subdivide these categories into smaller and more detailed units. We form other concepts‚ such as triangles‚ by definition (three-sided objects). But we
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everyday life (hint: know theresearch here) • Why do we make the attribution error? • How can it be avoided? Module 7: The Powers and Perils of Intuition • Automatic vs. controlled thinking • Priming • Overconfidence • Confirmation bias • How can we overcome the
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Chapter 8 SECTION 1 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS: 1. Psychologists use the term _________ to refer to the ability to store and retrieve information over time. The process of acquiring and using knowledge is called ________. a. learning; perception b. memory; perception c. learning; cognition d. memory; cognition Answer: d; Moderate 2. Psychologists use the term _________ to refer to the ability to store and retrieve information over time. a. learning b. memory c. cognition d. perception Answer:
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decision under risk. Econometrica‚ 47(2)‚ 263-291. Kahneman‚ D. & Tversky‚ A. (1992). Advances in prospect theory: Cumulative representation of uncertainty. Journal of Risk & Uncertainty‚ 5(4)‚ 297-323. Klayman‚ J. & Ha‚ Y. (1987). Confirmation‚ disconfirmation‚ and information in hypothesis testing. Psychological Review‚ 94(2)‚ 211- 228. Larrick‚ R. P. (2004). Debiasing. In: D. J. Koehler and N. Harvey Blackwell Handbook of Judgement and Decision Making. Oxford: Blackwell. 316-337. Lerner
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However‚ both those assumptions turned out to be incorrect by the end of the show. Stone assumed that there must be other evidence that proves Naz’s innocence‚ which turned to be right. What biases‚ heuristics and misconceptions did the key players exhibit? Naz displayed a “representativeness heuristic” when he asked Chandra‚ his lawyers’ assistance‚ about what would she do if she were in his place. It is important to mention that Crowe knew that “ the more similar someone to us‚ the more likely
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more detailed units. * We form some concepts‚ which is formed most around a prototype‚ a best example of a category. * An algorithm is a time-consuming but thorough set of rules or procedures that guarantees a solution to a problem. * A heuristic is a simpler thinking strategy that may allow us to solve problems quickly‚ but sometimes lead is to incorrect solutions. * Insight is not a strategy-based solution‚ but rather a sudden flash of inspiration that solves a problem. * Creativity
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thinking mode we occupy in our daily life decision-making‚ fast thinking and slow thinking. The fast thinking is also called Heuristic which can be facilitating when used right. It is a short cut of thinking and also the first reaction to the problem. It is admittedly not accurate and with error. The common error includes Halo effect‚ Contrast effect‚ Overconfidence bias‚ confirmation bias‚ Availability bias‚ Representative Bias and Escalation of Commitments. Each of them associates with some of our stereotypes
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