immune system must recognize the pathogen as foreign and dispose of it. The overall immune system is divided into two separate systems that do work together to protect the body. The Innate system‚ is the initial immune response from childhood which functions in the same way whether or not the individual has already encountered the same pathogen. Whereas‚ the Adaptive system matures with a person as it adapts to the first encounter with the pathogen
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the other factors is slowing down the rate of enzyme reactions‚ it depends on the concentration of those factors. Since enzymes are catalyst of chemical reactions‚ they are responsible to the activities of cells‚ and they determine the function of tissues and organs as well. In plant cells‚ during photosynthesis‚ enzymes are used in chloroplast to catalyse the processes. In light-dependent stage‚ ATP synthase enzyme is used to generate ATP molecules‚ they can be used in light-independent stage.
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nervous system consists of the brain‚ spinal cord‚ and a complex network of neurons. This system is responsible for sending‚ receiving‚ and interpreting information from all parts of the body. The nervous system monitors and coordinates internal organ function and responds to changes in the external environment. This system can be divided into two parts: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. Let ’s take a look at the central nervous system. Central Nervous System The central
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OBJECTIVES: 1. List the organs that compose the cardiovascular system and discuss the general functions of this system. 2. Describe the location‚ size‚ and orientation of the human heart. 3. Define the term cardiology. 4. Describe the structure of the heart in terms of its coverings‚ layers‚ chambers‚ valves‚ and blood vessels. 5. Name the function of serous fluid around the heart. 6. Give another name for epicardium. 7. Describe the structure and function of the interventricular septum.
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What is the skeletal system? The skeletal system is a very important part of the human body this consists of 206 bones‚ which together with different structures make the joints of the system. Within the skeletal system the structures present are the cartilage‚ bone tissues‚ fibrous connective tissues which form the ligaments of the bones Scanlon and Sanders‚ pp.122‚ 2014). The skeletal system consists of two main organs these are the ligaments and bones‚ the skeletal system functions by protecting
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the anatomy and physiology of these three body systems; The Cardiovascular system‚ The Respiratory system and The Digestive system. The Cardiovascular System The cardiovascular system‚ also known as the circulatory system‚ consists of the heart‚ blood vessels and approximately 5 litres of blood. 55% of the blood is straw coloured yellow and 45% of the blood is made up of red and white blood cells and tiny particles called platelets. This system is powered by the heart and is responsible for
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of functions of living things. 6 Structural levels 1. Chemical level – atoms combine to form molecules 2. Cell level – Molecule form organelles 3. Tissue level – similar and surrounding material make up tissues 4. Organ level –diff tissue combine to form organs 5. Organ system level –Organs make up an organ system 6. Organism – organs sytem make up an organism Characteristics of Life 1. Organization – Specific interrelationships among the parts of an organism and
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Digestive System Notes 2. List the major parts of the alimentary canal; then separately list the accessory organs of the digestive system. a. Mouth—the oral cavity. b. Pharynx—extends from the back of the nasal cavity to the top of the esophagus. c. Esophagus—extends from the pharynx to the stomach. d. Stomach—just below the diaphragm on the lefi side of the body. e. Small intestine—extends from the stomach to the large intestine. f. Large intestine—extends from the small intestine to the
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The Endocrine System FOCUS: The endocrine system is one of the major regulatory systems in the body‚ along with the nervous system. However‚ the endocrine system responds more slowly‚ and has a longer-lasting‚ more general effect on the body than the nervous system. Endocrine tissues internally produce hormones which are released into the blood‚ where they are carried to target tissue and produce a response. Some hormones bind to receptors on the surface of the cell membrane‚ producing permeability
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The Urinary System is a group of organs in the body concerned with filtering out excess fluid and other substances from the bloodstream. The substances are filtered out from the body in the form of urine. Urine is a liquid produced by the kidneys‚ collected in the bladder and excreted through the urethra. Urine is used to extract excess minerals or vitamins as well as blood corpuscles from the body. The Urinary organs include the kidneys‚ ureters‚ bladder‚ and urethra. The Urinary system works with
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