From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation‚ search For other uses‚ see Presupposition (disambiguation). In the branch of linguistics known as pragmatics‚ a presupposition (or ps) is an implicit assumption about the world or background belief relating to an utterance whose truth is taken for granted in discourse. Examples of presuppositions include: * Do you want to do it again? * Presupposition: that you have done it already‚ at least once. * Jane no longer writes
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Austin’s Speech Act Theory and the Speech Situation Etsuko Oishi Esercizi Filosofici 1‚ 2006‚ pp. 1-14 ISSN 1970-0164 link: http://www.univ.trieste.it/~eserfilo/art106/oishi106.pdf AUSTIN’S SPEECH ACT THEORY AND THE SPEECH SITUATION Etsuko Oishi The talk starts with a question‚ why do we discuss Austin now? While answering the question‚ I will (I) present an interpretation of Austin’s speech act theory‚ (II) discuss speech act theory after Austin‚ and (III) extend Austin’s speech act
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efficient and successful communication among people. However‚ it is notable that the actual use of euphemisms violates the Cooperative Principle while observing the Politeness Principle to some extent. This essay provides a general view of the two pragmatic principles as well as euphemisms‚ and tries to work out the relations among them by specific analysis of conversational examples. [Key Words]: Euphemism; Cooperative Principle; Politeness Principle 1. Introduction: Paul Grice proposed the Cooperative
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test your understanding of the main ideas raised in the unit. Provide a definition. 1 You should understand these terms and concepts from this unit: * Deictic words. – Is the word which takes some element of its meaning from the context. * (Deictics) context. - * Reported speech. – Used to communicate something that someone said. 2 What parts of speech can function as deictics? List them and give an example or two of each‚ preferably different from the ones given in this unit.
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PROPERTIES OF PREDICATE Properties of predicate devide into these type: Properties of Predicates Semmetry Reflexsive‚ Transitive Assymetry irreflexsive intransitive Symmetric predicate P = a two – place predicate X = referring expression Y = referring expression XPY entails YPX P = a symmetric predicate Assymmetric predicate P = a two – place predicate X = referring expression Y = referring expression XPY contradicted to YPX P = an assymmetric predicate
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theories according to prediction levels” there are‚ according to him‚ three main levels of theory. The levels are as follows: 1) Structural or syntactical theories. 2) Interpretational or semantical theories. 3) Behavioural or pragmatic theories. Behavioral or pragmatic theories: These theories emphasize the behavioural or decision-oriented effects of accounting reports and statements. It has been noted that accounting is now regarded as a process of measurement and reporting information to the
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act‚ the performance of an utterance: the actual utterance and its ostensible meaning‚ comprising phonetic‚ phatic and rhetic acts corresponding to the verbal‚ syntactic and semantic aspects of any meaningful utterance; an illocutionary act: the pragmatic ’illocutionary force ’ of the utterance‚ thus its intended significance as a socially valid verbal action (see below); and in certain cases a further perlocutionary act: its actual effect‚ such as persuading‚ convincing‚ scaring‚ enlightening‚ inspiring
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speak differently in different social context‚ and they are concerned with identifying the social functions of language and the ways it is used to convey social meaning. The way people talks are influenced by the social context in which they are talking. It matters who can hear us and where we are talking‚ as well as how we are feeling. Sociolinguistic is the study of the effect of any and all aspects of society‚ including cultural norms‚ expectation‚ and context‚ on the way language is used. Hymes
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[1.0 INTRODUCTION]This essay discusses the four maxims of Grice’s co-operative principle and how they are broken. In the first section I describe each of the four maxims. By providing dialogues from an American sitcom ’The Big Bang Theory’; I explain how each of these maxims are broken in various ways. In the second section‚ I examine how these methods of breaking maxims can overlap one another. In the final section‚ I conclude on the role that these maxims play in conversation and how they achieve
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actions. The speaker who produces these kind of utterances‚ expects that the hearer will perform some kind of action‚ which he recognizes from the utterance (the Hearer recognizes the Speaker’s intentions). The Speaker and Hearer are helped by the context‚ by the so called speech events. Declarations and Declaratives are ritualistic utterances‚ which carry no information about the world outside the language‚ they refer only to themselves. (SAYING=DOING) 1. Explicit performatives: I order
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