http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2000/dec/17/martinbright.theobserver Revealed: why evil lurks in us all Study shows that crude loyalty to our social group and blind obedience make tyranny possible anywhere Martin Bright‚ home affairs correspondent The Observer‚ Sunday 17 December 2000 Psychologists have struggled for decades to explain why ordinary people participate in atrocities such as the Nazi Holocaust or the Stalinist purges. Now experiments carried out in Britain reveal that most people
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According to Freud‚ there are five psychosexual stages‚ including oral stage‚ anal stage‚ phallic stage‚ latency stage and genital stage. (Zimbardo‚ Johnson‚ McCann‚ 2008‚ p.446) Once people were born‚ they immediately entered the oral stage and it lasted nearly two years. In this stage‚ baby’s main pleasure originated from his or her mouth. They obtain such pleasure through sucking‚ swallowing and biting. If a child experienced problems in those stages‚ the situation of fixation would occur and
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1974. Staub‚ Ervin. "The Psychology of Bystanders‚ Perpetrators‚ and Heroic Helpers." In Understanding Genocide: The Social Psychology of the Holocaust‚ edited by Leonard S. Newman and Ralph Erber. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press‚ 2002. Zimbardo‚ Philip‚ Craig Haney‚ and Curtis Banks. "Interpersonal Dynamics in a Simulated Prison." International Journal of Criminology and Penology 1 (1973): 69-97. [ 3 ]. Solomon E. Asch‚ "Group Forces in the Modification and Distortion of Judgments‚" in
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unanimously ‚ whether the members of the group have a close relationship and the importance of the stimuli. In conclusion both obedience and conformity exist on the same plane of social influence but on opposite ends of the plane. Sherif ‚Asch and Zimbardo show us that conformity is the action of following a certain group of people and adapting to their beliefs and lifestyles due social pressure. This social pressure can be real or imagined. Notice that the power of influence lies with no individual
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What makes good people do bad things? Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison experiment was to study the behavior of normal people under a particular situation. The students who took part in the experiment would play the role of either guard or a prisoner in a mock prison. Most of the students that played as the guards of the mock prison became very cruel as they abused their power and authority over the prisoners. The students that played as the prisoners were frightened and became submissive to the prison
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An Evaluation of “A Study of Prisoners and Guards in a Simulated Prison” “A Study of Prisoners and Guards in a Simulated Prison” is a research article written by Craig Haney‚ Curtis Banks and Philip Zimbardo. The basis of the psychological experiment performed was to study and research the effects of being a prisoner and a guard in a simulated prison environment. The focus being the patterns and behavior characterized by both parties and to investigate how easily the subjects were susceptible to
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deindividuation variables on stealing among Halloween trick-or-treaters.’ Journal of personality and social psychology. 37(2) PP178-183 Available at: http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/psp/33/2/178/ [Accessed 12 December 2012] Banks‚ C.‚ Haney‚ C.‚ Zimbardo‚ P.‚ (1973) ‘Interpersonal Dynamics in a simulated Prison’ International Journal of Criminology and Penology. 1 PP 69-97. [Online] Available at: http://www.prisonexp.org/psychology/42 [Accessed: 11 December 2012] Betts‚ K. (2011) Social Psychology
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In this experiment‚ Professor Zimbardo and his subordinates chose the twenty-four of the most psychologically stable and healthy candidates from over seventy-five undergraduates. The randomly assigned prisoners were then arrested at their homes and processed with the help of local police
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Philip Zimbardo‚ a psychologist of Stanford University‚ famed for the notorious Zimbardo Prison Experiment once said that “Heroes are those who can somehow resist the power of the situation and act out of noble motives‚ or behave in ways that do not demean others when they easily can.” In hindsight‚ it’s a greatly fitting reflection on the Zimbardo Prison Experiment when so many otherwise innocent people started abusing their power simply because they could. However‚ the quote‚ in other words‚ means
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orders without considering the consequents or the actions themselves. People face uncritical conformity to the leader’s or group norms. Their personality and moral principals are simply switched off and the aggressiveness starts growing. However Zimbardo claims that evil is not only concluded in an action‚ but also in passive tolerance of what is going on. A new situation may breed both – rage and inaction – and both promote evil. Although on the other hand a new situation may provoke heroic imagination
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