CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM I. Introduction In a chemical reaction‚ when reactants are mixed together in a reaction vessel‚ the whole of the reactants do not get converted into products. After some time‚ there will come a point when a fixed amount of reactants will exist in harmony with a fixed amount of products; neither amount will change anymore. This state is called chemical equilibrium (Birk‚ 1994; Jones‚ 1987; LeMay‚ 2002). There are three characteristics of a system in chemical equilibrium: a
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Inhaled Flolan Vs Inhaled Nitric Oxide Which one is a better option? Abstract: Nowadays vasodilators are administered directly via the airway to treat pulmonary hypertension and to recover pulmonary gaseous exchange. Many scientific studies focus on this new therapeutic concept which was initiated by using exogenous nitric oxide (NO) gas. It selectively dilates pulmonary vessels without associated systemic vasodilation. But in recent years alternatives of NO were proposed due to NO’s potential
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Table of Content 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Literature Review 2.1 Nitrite-Nitrogen (NO2—N) 2.2 Chlorophyll-a 2.3 pH 2.4 Salinity 2.5 Dissolved oxygen 2.6 Total Dissolve Phosphorous 2.7 Temperature 3.0 Methodology 3.1 Sampling Area 3.2 Sampling Method 3.3 Hydrolab Data 3.4 Laboratory Analysis 3.4.1 Cholorphyll a 3.4.2 Phosphorous 3.4.3 Nitrite-Nitrogen (NO2) 4.0 Work Schedule 5.0 References 1.0 Introduction Water quality monitoring
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1 H2(g) + O2(g) H2O2(l) 2 H2(g) + 1/2 O2(g) H2O(l) Hf = 188 kJ Hf = 286 kJ Solution: Sample Problem 2: Use the following equations: 1 1/2 N2(g) + 3/2 H2(g) NH3(g) 2 1/2 N2(g) + O2(g) NO2(g) 3 H2(g) + 1/2 O2(g) H2O(g) Hf = 46.0 kJ Hf = +34.0 kJ Hf = 242.0 kJ to calculate the enthalpy of reaction
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Electron withdrawing effect) when an electronegative atom or group (more electro negative than hydrogen)is attached to the terminal of the carbon chain in a compound‚ the electrons are displaced in the direction of the attached atom or group. -NO2 > -CN > -COOH > F > Cl > Br > I > OH > C6H5 >H 2. Positive Inductive effect : (+I effect‚ Electron releasing effect) When an electro positive atom or group (more electro positive than hydrogen)is attached to the terminal of the carbon chain
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a. DO3SE model: Basically‚ DO3SE model is derived from the Jarvis-type multiplicative algorithm: gsto = gmax X min (fphen‚ fO3) X flight X max (fmin‚ (fVPD X ftemp) (1) where gsto is the actual stomatal conductance for O3 (mmol O3 m-2 unit projected leaf area (PLA) s-1)‚ gmax is the species-specific maximum gsto (mmol O3 m-2 PLA s-1)‚ and fmin is the relative minimum gsto (fraction of gmax). The parameters including ftemp‚ fphen‚ flight‚ fO3 and fVPD are the response functions expressed in
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Chemistry 102 REVIEW QUESTIONS Chapter 14 ANSWER KEY 1. A mixture of 0.10 mol of NO‚ 0.050 mol of H2 and 0.10 mol of H2O is placed in a 1.0L flask and allowed to reach equilibrium as shown below: ˆˆ† 2 NO (g) + 2 H2 (g) ‡ˆˆ N2 (g) + 2 H2O (g) At equilibrium [NO] = 0.062 M. Calculate the equilibrium constant‚ Kc‚ for this reaction. ˆˆ† 2 NO + 2 H2 (g) ‡ˆˆ N2 (g) + 2 H2O (g) Initial D Equilibrium K C = 0.10 M – 0.038 0.062 0.050 M – 0.038 0.012 0 + 0.019
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oxidation of SO2‚ usually in the presence of a catalyst such as NO2‚ forms H2SO4‚ and thus acid rain. Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) - Especially nitrogen dioxide are emitted from high temperature combustion. Can be seen as the brown haze dome above or plume downwind of cities. Nitrogen dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula NO2. It is one of the several nitrogen oxides. This reddish-brown toxic gas has a characteristic sharp‚ biting odor. NO2 is one of the most prominent air pollutants. Carbon Monoxide
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Loreta Grazhees TA: Titas Friday 11:50 - 3:55 February 9‚ 2018 Nitration Of Toluene When reacting Toluene with (NO2+) the end goal is to generate an ortho-‚ para-‚ and/or meta-nitrotoluene. This lab will help guide you in the direction to predict the regioselectivity and activation vs. deactivating powers of the nitro-group. Gas Chromatography will be used to analyze compounds that can be vaporized without being decomposed. GC is also used to check the purity of a substance‚ and separating the
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do not need any extra components to drive this IC (and that is what makes our CKT very compact). [pic] Now build 11 circuits as mentioned in FIGURE 1. You can assemble all 11 circuits on one multipurpose board. Now Number the 4017’s as No1‚No2.....No.11. Assume IC No1 to be the Master IC to drive IC’s No.2 to No.11 (Ten IC’s). The Master IC’s oscillation time period should be at least 15 seconds‚ for which you need to modify the circuit at Pin No.6‚7 & 8 of IC 555. Connect all (-) Minus
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