and weak acid-strong base titrations Introduction Acid-base titrations are based on the neutralization reaction between the analyte and an acidic or basic titrant. When an acid and a base are present in a stoichiometric amount e.g. 1 mole HCl added to 1 mole NaOH‚ this means that the equivalent point has been reached in an acid-base system. The end point of an acid-base titration can be detected by the use of a pH indicator‚ a pH meter‚ or a conductance meter. The use of a pH meter to quantitatively
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while the accepted value was found to be 183.5. The identity of the unknown amino acid was established to be glutamic acid‚ hydrochloride. Introduction Amino acids are simple monomers which are strung together to form polymers (also called proteins). These monomers are characterized by the general structure shown in figure 1. Fig. 1 Although the general structure of all amino acids follows figure 1‚ the presence of a zwitterion is made possible due to the basic properties of the NH2 group
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I. Aim The aim of the three experiments is actually to investigate the effects of different factors such as temperature‚ pH‚ and concentration of substrate‚ on the activity of the enzymes. By conducting these three separate experiments also‚ three graphs are able to be obtained where the trend of each factor affecting on the enzyme activity is shown and described clearly. II. Hypothesis Experiment 1 (Effect of Temperature): As the temperature increases‚ the height of the bubble will increase
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enthalpies for each step equals the enthalpy change for the overall reaction. For example‚ the three chemical equations used throughout the experiment were: Equation 1: NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) Equation 2: NH4Cl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NH3(aq) +NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) Equation 3: NH3(aq) + HCl(aq) NH4Cl(aq) Resulting in Equation 1 plus Equation 2(reversed) will equal Equation 3. In this case‚ Hess’s Law gave the ΔH for Equation 3. Calorimetry is the science of measuring heat
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ABSTRACT In the majority field of chemical processes‚ the reactor vessel in which the reaction process take place is the key component of the equipment.The design of the reactors is very important to the success of the production. In this experiment‚ sodium hydroxide and ethyl acetate react in tubular flow reactor.Both of the reactants fed to the reactor at equimolar flowrate for a certain time.The reaction is carried out at different volumetric flowrate.The conductivity value of outlet stream
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known accurately. We will first prepare a standard solution of NaOH. One way to prepare a standard solution is to dissolve an accurately massed amount of the substance and dilute it to a measured volume. In this way; the concentration can be calculated exactly. However‚ it is usually impossible to obtain NaOH of sufficient purity to use it as a primary standard. An indirect method is more practical for obtaining a standard solution of NaOH. We will prepare a solution of an approximate molarity and standardize
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constant and to observe the effect of different flow rates to the conversion. It is a homogenous reaction with only liquid phase is present. Also the reaction is endothermic. The saponification reaction is as follows; NaOH + EtOAc NaOAc + EtOH The reactants were taken as 1:1 ratios. 0.1 M NaOH and 0.1 M EtOAc was taken as reactants. The tank volume is 141 mL‚ the length of the reactor is 20 m and the diameter of the reactor is 1 mm. Reactor is placed in a water bath to keep the temperature constant during
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Detection of Ions in Solutions Using Acid/Base Chemistry: A Quality Control Test Objective: This lab focuses on the detection of ions using titration as an analysis tool. You will standardize NaOH and HCl solutions so that you know the exact concentration and then prepare samples of common household items in order to determine the amount of calcium in Tang®‚ Mg(OH)2 in Milk of Magnesia‚ etc. You will learn to prepare samples of a specified concentration‚ learn about acids and bases through
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HCI and the indicator (phenolphthalein)‚ then the endpoint of titration will be reached‚ causing the solution to turn colorless. II. Data Table 1: Acid or Base in household cleaner Name of cleaner or vinegar Vinegar Acid or Base Contained NaOH Molecular Mass 60.6 g Table 2: Known (acid or base) in Unknown (vinegar or cleaner) Trial 1 Trial 2 1. Mass of flask + unknown 148.5 g 147.9 g 2. Mass of empty flask 127.7 g 127.7 g 3. Mass of unknown 20.8 g 20.2 g 4. Cm3
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| |HNO3 + NaOH |28.00 |28.25 |34.50 | |HNO3 + KOH |28.25 |28.25 |34.00 | |HCl + NaOH |28.25 |28.00 |34.75 | |HCl + KOH |28.25 |28.25 |34.00 | |H2SO4 + NaOH |28.00
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