------------------------------------------------- Definition Esters are chemical compounds consisting of a carbonyl adjacent to an ether linkage. They are derived by reacting an oxo acid with a hydroxyl compound such as an alcohol or phenol. Esters are usually derived from an inorganic acid or organic acid in which at least one -OH (hydroxyl) group is replaced by an -O-alkyl (alkoxy) group‚ and most commonly from carboxylic acids and alcohols. That is‚ esters are formed by condensing an acid with
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Lesson 2 History Of Refrigeration – Development Of Refrigerants And Compressors 1 Version 1 ME‚ IIT Kharagpur The objectives of the present lesson are to introduce the student to the history of refrigeration in terms of: 1. Refrigerant development (Section 2.2): i. ii. iii. Early refrigerants (Section 2.2.1) Synthetic fluorocarbon based refrigerants (Section 2.2.2) Non-ozone depleting refrigerants (Section 2.2.3) 2. Compressor development (Section 2.3): i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. Low-speed
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through the packed column. In this experiment‚ an adsorption chromatography column was constructed using silica gel as the adsorbent. A 50:50 mixture of ferrocene and acetylferrocene was then separated using the eluents hexane and tert-butyl methyl ether (TBME). The less polar ferrocene was attracted to the less polar hexane‚ so as the hexane passed through the stationary phase‚ the ferrocene moved with it and the acetylferrocene was left behind. When TBME was passed through the stationary phase‚ the
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Lyme disease Lyme disease is a relatively new‚ being first reported in 1975‚ in Old Lyme ‚ Connecticut. It is caused by the bacterium Borrelia Burgdoferi‚ which can be carried by rats and dears. The transmitters of the disease are the black-legged ticks that bite these animals‚ get infected and afterwards bite people. According to www.ehealthmd.com‚ “the average deer carries 200 or more ticks at one time”. Approximately half of these ticks are infected with the Lyme disease bacteria. The risk of
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happening all around the world‚ so there ’s a lot of child soldiers out‚ but why children? Something needs to be done to stop this. A child soldier is ether forced or volunteered‚ then they do different tasks for the army their in‚ which is ether rebel groups or governments; they choose children because their vulnerability‚ some of these children are ether rescued or they continue to be a soldier. When a child becomes a soldier‚ they are abducted from their home or school and forced to become a one
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Comment: Treat a Grignard reagent as an alkyl nucleophile i.e. CH3MgBr is equivalent to CH3- nucleophile. The Grignard reagent can also react with RX to form a longer chain alkane. Example: CH3CH2MgBr + CH3CH2Br CH3CH2CH2CH3 + MgBr2 In general‚ basicity parallels nucleophilic strength since both of them depend on the availability of the lone pair of electrons. The Grignard reagent is not only able to function as a nucleophile; it can operate as a base too by reacting with water to
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Food Chemistry xxx (2010) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Food Chemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foodchem Accumulation of vasicine and vasicinone in tissue cultures of Adhatoda vasica and evaluation of the free radical-scavenging activities of the various crude extracts G. Roja a‚⇑‚ B.H. Vikrant b‚ Santosh Kumar Sandur c‚ Asmita Sharma d‚ K.K. Pushpa d a Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division‚ Bhabha Atomic Research Centre‚ Trombay‚ Mumbai
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EFFECT OF GARCINIA COLA ON OVULATION A TERM PAPER ON COMMUNITY NUTRITION PRESENTED TO DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY HEALTH BY AJITE KAYODE .O CLP/ 08/09/EX/MPH/2757 TABLE OF CONTENT 1. ABSTRACT 2. INTRODUCTION 3. LITERATURE REVIEW 4. CONCLUSION
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2-(2‚4-Dinitrobenzyl) pyridine Peter Defnet and Cody Krepps Department of Chemstry Juniata College Huntingdon‚ PA September 18‚ 2012 Abstract: Nitration of 2-benzylpyridine is supposed to yield 2-(2‚4-Dinitrobenzyl) pyridine‚ when electrophilic aromatic substitution is the mechanism. Experiencing many pitfalls‚ however‚ has lead to the actual product obtained to contain the expected product‚ as well as many impurities. This report examines the supposed mechanism for the electrophilic substitution
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CHAPTER 4 Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 3.000 Values are mean±±SD of three independent determinations. As discussed earlier‚ the extraction of the turmeric powder was done using various solvents at different temperatures. Different solvents provided extracts with different colour values at varying temperatures. At 50⁰C‚ the maximum colour value was found to be in the extract obtained using ethanol as the solvent. As shown in Figure 4.5
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