6 Microscopic World II Unit 23 Shapes of molecules Unit 24 Bond polarity and intermolecular forces Key C o ncepts Microscopic World II Shapes of molecules • Covalent molecules with non-octet structures • Shapes of molecules • The VSEPR theory • Molecular crystals of buckminsterfullerene (C60) • Carbon nanotubes Bond polarity and intermolecular forces • Electronegativity and bond polarity • Van der Waals’ forces • Factors affecting the strength
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CONCEPTS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY • Inductive Effect : Inductive effect is defined as permanent displacement of shared electron pair in a carbon chain towards more electronegative atom or group. Types of Inductive effect : 1.Negative Inductive Effect : (—I effect‚ Electron withdrawing effect) when an electronegative atom or group (more electro negative than hydrogen)is attached to the terminal of the carbon chain in a compound‚ the electrons are displaced in the direction of the attached
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References 1.) Lehman‚ John. Operational Organic Chemistry‚ 3rd Edition. Experiment 4 (pp. 38-45; 680-687; 644-650)‚ Prentice-Hall‚ 1999. 2.) Laboratory Reference Manual: Experiment 3. Retrieved from: http://academic.reed.edu/chemistry/alan/201_202/lab_manual/expt_salicylic_acid/background.html 3.) Lab 5: Synthesis of Salicylic Acid. Retrieved from: http://academic.evergreen.edu/curricular/whatscookin/Lab%20five%20%20methyl%20saliclate.htm 4.) Handout: Synthesis of Salicylic Acid. Retrieved
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Energy 1. Living organisms make compounds which are important sources of energy * outline the role of photosynthesis in transforming light energy to chemical energy and recall the raw materials for this processco2+h2oglucose+o2+h2othis is then stored as carbs and starch | * outline the role of the production of high energy carbohydrates from carbon dioxide as the important step in the stabilisation of the sun’s energy in a form that can be used by animals as well as plants harnesses
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IGCSE Chemistry 2012 exam revision notes by Samuel Lees Contents: 1. The particulate nature of matter 2. Experimental techniques 2.1 Measurement 2.2 (a) Criteria of purity 2.2 (b) Methods of purification 3. Atoms‚ elements and compounds 4.1 Atomic structure and the Periodic Table 4.2 Bonding the structure of matter 3.2 (a) Ions and ionic bonds 3.2 (b) Molecules and covalent bonds 3.2 (c) Macromolecules 3.2 (d) Metallic bonding 3 Stoichiometry 4
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Chemistry Gen: Course Description Year 2 PART - II CGT 21a Unit I. Basic physical chemistry I * Gaseous state: Gas laws‚ kinetic theory of gas‚ collision and gas pressure derivation of gas laws from kinetic theory‚ average kinetic energy of translation. Boltzmann constant and absolute scale of temperature‚ Maxwell’s distribution law of molecular speeds (without derivation)‚ most probable‚ average and root mean square speed of gas molecules‚ principle of equipartition of energy (without
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Contents PART XV ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Chapter 63 Detecting the presence of chemical species Action of heating solid sample strongly 1 Chapter 64 Separation and purification methods Centrifugation Sublimation Partition equilibrium of a solute between two immiscible solvents Two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography 2 2 3 6 Chapter 65 Quantitative methods of analysis Detection of end point in acid-alkali titration 8 Chapter 66 Instrumental analytical methods More
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AP/IB Chemistry Internal Assessment Lab Format The following titles and subtitles (in bold) should be used for your lab report and given in this order within your lab report. Title: choose one to fit your experiment I. Design A. Problem – must be a focused‚ clear research question. B. Hypothesis (When appropriate) • Clear answer to Problem – • Logical rational • your conclusion should address the hypothesis you are giving here. C. Variables
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Experiment 6 titled “Organic Chemistry” and the purpose of this lab is to get familiar with some organic functional group and test certain reactions of selected functional groups. To do the first part of the experiment (combustion test)‚ instructor demonstration in hood‚ and record the observation. Part A (combustion of toluene) pour 1 milliliter of toluene into a evaporating dish and ignite it with a flaming wood splint. Most importantly put the flame with a watchglass. Part B (combustion of ethyl
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General‚ Organic‚ and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education‚ Inc. 1 Collection Terms A collection term states a specific number of items. 1 dozen donuts = 12 donuts 1 ream of paper = 500 sheets 1 case = 24 cans General‚ Organic‚ and Biological Chemistry 2 A Mole of Atoms A mole is a collection that contains the same number of particles as there are carbon atoms in 12.0 g of carbon 12C 6.02 x 1023 atoms of an element (Avogadro’s number) 1 mole of Element 1 mole of
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