"Electrophilic aromatic substitution" Essays and Research Papers

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    Elecrophilic addition reaction Hydrogenation of double and triple bond Nucleophilic Addition to carbon-carbon double bond Regio and chemoselectivity Addition Reactions • Reaction involving the addition of a molecule or an ion to another molecule • Electrophilic addition – adding species is an electrophile • Nucleophilic addition – adding species is a nucleophile Elecrophilic Addition to carbon-carbon double bond • The characteristic reaction of alkenes is addition—the π bond is broken and two new

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    Gpat Syllabus

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    Syllabus for GPAT - 2013 PHARMACEUTICS Introduction to Physical pharmacy Matter‚ Properties of Matter: State of matter‚ change in the state of matter‚ latent heats and vapor pressure‚ sublimationcritical point‚ Eutectic mixtures‚ gases‚ aerosols-inhalers‚ relative humidity‚ liquid. Complexes‚ liquid crystals‚ glassy state‚ solids- crystalline‚ amorphous and polymorphism. Micromeretics and Powder Rheology: Particle size and distribution‚ average particle size‚ number and weight distribution‚ particle

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    Organic Chemistry

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    Chapter 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Topic: Atomic Orbitals 1. A) B) C) D) E) In quantum mechanics a node (nodal surface or plane) is: a place where Ψ is negative. a place where Ψ is positive. a place where Ψ = 0. a place where Ψ2 is large. a place where Ψ2 is negative. Ans: C Topic: Atomic Orbitals‚ Molecular Orbitals 2. When the 1s orbitals of two hydrogen atoms combine to form a hydrogen molecule‚ how many molecular orbitals are formed? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 Ans:

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    Semiconducting mofs

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    Conductivity in metal-organic frameworks Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)‚ are a class of crystalline materials whose crystal structure is made up from metal-containing clusters connected by multidentate organic linkers1‚2. MOFs are attracting considerable attention due to the possible rational design of crystal structures of coordination frameworks with versatile metal ions and organic ligands. In principle‚ MOFs topologies along with intermolecular distances between various building blocks can be

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    Benzene

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    third σ-bond with a hydrogen atom. The 2p orbital on each atom is available for π-bonding. Interaction between the p orbitals on the six carbon atoms forms a conjugated system of π-electrons. Molecules with this bonding arrangement are called aromatic molecules. For convenience‚ we usually draw benzene as one of its resonance forms. The shape of benzene Benzene is a planar regular hexagon‚ with bond angles of 120°. This is easily explained. It is a regular hexagon because all the bonds

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    FTIR Interpretation

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    INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS Barbara H. Stuart University of Technology‚ Sydney‚ Australia 72 Infrared Spectroscopy: Fundamentals and Applications hydrocarbons appear in the 3000–2800 cm−1 range and the C–H stretching bands of methyl groups and methylene groups are readily differentiated. For methyl groups‚ asymmetric C–H stretching occurs at 2870 cm−1 ‚ while symmetric C–H stretching occurs at 2960 cm−1 . By comparison‚ methylene groups show asymmetric stretching at 2930

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    Mol.Evol

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    The Nonsynonymous/Synonymous Substitution Rate Ratio versus the Radical/ Conservative Replacement Rate Ratio in the Evolution of Mammalian Genes Kousuke Hanada‚*  Shin-Han Shiu‚  and Wen-Hsiung Li* *Department of Ecology and Evolution‚ University of Chicago; and  Department of Plant Biology‚ Michigan State University There are 2 ways to infer selection pressures in the evolution of protein-coding genes‚ the nonsynonymous and synonymous substitution rate ratio (KA/KS) and the radical and conservative

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    prostaglandin H2‚ which is an antecedent for the biosynthesis of prostaglandins‚ thromboxanes and prostacyclins. The results depicted that chalcones and pyrimidines are very active inhibitors according to the pattern of substitution. Compounds C4‚ C5‚ P4 and P5 with methoxylation and nitro substitutions showed best results to inhibit COX-2. Key words: COX inhibitors‚ chalcones‚ pyrimidines‚ anti-inflammatory agents. INTRODUCTION Cyclooxygenases (COXs) are imperative enzymes in the genesis of prostaglandin H2

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    The Importance of Education

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    UNIVERSITY OF THE GAMBIA LECTURE NOTES COURSE: PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY II (ORGANIC CHEMISTRY) CODE: CHM 161 2ND SEMESTER SESSION: 2012/2013 LECTURER: ANTHONY F. ADJIVON UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION Organic chemistry started as the chemistry of life‚ when that was thought to be different from the chemistry in the laboratory. Then it became the chemistry of carbon compounds‚ especially those found in coal. Now it is both. It is the chemistry of the compounds of carbon along with other elements

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    C. Neutron D.

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    Chemistry 116: General Chemistry Syracuse University Project Advance Spring 2009 Exam #4 Name Date 1. The bombardment of with nuclei gives two products‚ one of which is The other product is ________. A. B. C. D. E. 2. The decay of to occurs through the emission of a(n) ________. A. alpha particle B. beta particle C. neutron D. proton E. positron 3. Radionuclides which have too low of a neutron/proton ratio generally decay through ________

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