Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cells Introduction: The Cell: The cell is a functional unit of all living organisms. Cells have evolved into two fundamentally different types‚ eukaryotic and prokaryotic‚ which can be distinguished on the basis of their structure and the complexity of their organization. The simplest organisms which consist of one cell are called prokaryotes. More complex organisms are called eukaryotes and they consist of many cells. Objectives: * Define the terms: Eukaryotes
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Cytoskeletons (i.e. plasma membrane) Nuclei Mitochondria Supernatant S2 contains: ribosomes Peroxisomes Lysosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough and smooth) 3) Were there any notable differences in the appearance of mitochondrial pellets P2 andP3? Yes there were notable differences in the appearance of P2 and P3. P3 had a light brown colouration and was more compact
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Biology Cell theory: The basic unit of structure and function of all living organisms is the cell. Virchow’s theory: All cell arise from pre-existing cells by cell division. | Animal cells | Plant cells | Plasma membrane | Yes | Yes | Nucleus | Yes | Yes | Cytoplasm | Yes | Yes | Mitochondria | Yes | Yes | Golgi apparatus | Yes | Yes | Centriole | Yes | No | Cell wall (joined to other cells by plasmodesma) | No | Yes | Large central vacuole | No | Yes | Chloroplasts
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volume ratio‚ indicating that oxygen can be transferred quickly between the cell and its surroundings‚ as haemoglobin molecules are close to the cell plasma membrane. Unlike general animal cells‚ erythrocytes lack nuclei‚ mitochondrion and endoplasmic reticulum‚ giving space more haemoglobin can be carried by the red blood cells with such a structure‚ hence increasing the number of oxygen molecules being transported. The structure of red blood cells maximizes the amount of oxygen carried in the blood
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Nucleus: Contains nearly all the cell’s DNA & with it the coded instructions for making proteins & other important molecules. (Both) Ribosomes: small particles of RNA & proteins found throughout the cytoplasm. Proteins are assembled on ribosomes. (Both) Endoplasmic Reticulum: internal membrane system‚ the site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled‚ along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell. (Both) Golgi
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Chapter 4 Microscopes Two important factors in microscopy are: 1) Magnification: an increase in the object’s apparent size compared with its actual size. 2) Resolving Power: the ability of an optical instrument to show two objects are separate. Three types of microscopes: 1) Light Microscope (LM) M: 1000x RP 0‚2 micrometer (small bacterial cell) 2) Electron Microscope (EM) uses a beam of electrons to resolve electrons‚ better resolving powers than light microscope M:100‚000x RP 0
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acids. Which cell component would first show an increase in radioactivity? A Golgi body B mitochondrion C nucleus D rough endoplasmic reticulum 2 Which pair of organelles has internal membranes? A chloroplasts and mitochondria B chloroplasts and nuclei C mitochondria and ribosomes D nuclei and ribosomes 3 Which combination is found in a prokaryotic cell? Endoplasmic reticulum DNA RNA Nucleus A ✓ ✓ ✗ ✗ B ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓ C ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗ D ✗ ✗ ✓ ✓ key ✓ present ✗ absent May/June 04 1 What is the order of
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healthy onion leaf with normal shape nucleus(Nu)‚Nucleolus (NO) and number of chloroplasts (arrow)‚ (C): Cell of IYSV -infected leaf showing large size of the nucleus (Nu)‚dense aggregation and segmented chromatin (Ch) ; (D): Lyses of rough endoplasmic reticulum(rER) and nuclear membrane(NM ) producing many small vacuoles(V) ; (E): Elongated nucleus and lyses of mitochondria(M) and chloroplast (C) of infected cell and ( f ): Showing virus like particles (VLP) in cytoplasm adjacent plasma membrane
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Membrane junctions- types: tight junctions‚ desmosomes‚ gap junctions - Cell adhesion molecules- what do they do? - Membrane receptors- contact and chemical signaling - Cytoplasmic organelles- what does each do? o Mitochondria o Ribosomes o Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)- rough and smooth o Golgi apparatus o Lysosomes o Cytoskeleton- microtubules‚ microfilaments‚ intermediate fibers. o Cellular extensions- flagella‚ cilia‚ microvilli o Nucleus Which mature body cell does not have one? What is
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Cell: The cell is the basic structural‚ functional and biological unit of all known living organisms. Cells are the smallest unit of life that is classified as a living thing‚ and are often called the "building blocks of life". Discoverer: The cell was discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665. The cell theory‚ first developed in 1839 by Matthias Jakob Schleiden andTheodor Schwann‚ states that all organisms are composed of one or more cells‚ that all cells come from preexisting cells‚ that vital functions
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