up of sub-units called amino acids‚ of which there are twenty. These are just the basics of what proteins are composed of. Amino acids‚ which are the sub-units of Proteins‚ can be divided into two groups. Eleven of the twenty amino acids can be made in the body‚ while the other nine have to be acquired through the diet. Amino acids themselves can be divided into two main parts. The first is the amino group (-NH2). The amino group is the chemical portion of an amino acid and contains Nitrogen. The
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chains of amino acids that perform the most important functions in living organism. Every protein will contain an amino group‚ carboxyl group‚ a different R group and an alpha carbon with two hydrogens. There are nine types of functions proteins can have‚ enzymes‚ motor‚ receptor‚ structural‚ storage‚ transport‚ signaling‚ and special purpose proteins(antibodies). There are four levels of protein structure‚ primary‚ secondary‚ tertiary and quaternary. Level one( Primary) deals with amino acid sequencing
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What are the central ideas of Cells? • What are cells? – Cells are the smallest basic unit of living things. • What do they do? – Cells take in raw materials and making new substances. • Why do they do this? – In cells‚ organelles carry out activities to keep the organism alive. – E.g. synthesising proteins and fats‚ releasing energy from glucose. What are the central ideas of Movement of Substances? • What processes describe how substances move from one region to another? –
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Biology Notes : Chapter 2 : Organic chemical compounds include : Saccharides‚ Proteins‚ lipids and nucleic acid. Functions of water are : Acts as a solvent For excretion of metabolites Acts as medium of transport For supporting and maintaining of shapes Acts as a medium to carry out biochemical reactions. Helps in lubrication Maintains body temperature Has high tension and cohesion Provides moisture Maintains osmoic balance and turgidity Saccharides : (a.k.a Carbohydrates)
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Nursing GE 150 Katy Lunger August 7th‚ 2014 Proteins are made up of groups of twenty different amino acids. In the average adult‚ twelve of those acids are made in the body‚ and the other eight we have to ingest through our food. Those eight are called the essential amino acids. Amino acids cannot be stored in the body‚ so we need to eat foods regularly that contain the essential amino acids. We get most of our high quality proteins from meat and dairy products (Trefil & Hazen‚ 2013). Carbohydrates
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Basic chemistry of a cell Properties of water – – – Life on Earth began in water and evolved there for 3 billion years before spreading onto land. Modern life‚ even terrestrial life‚ remains tied to water. All living organisms require water more than any other substance. Human beings for example‚ can survive for quite for a few weeks without food‚ but only a week or so without water. – – – Water is deceptively simple. It is shaped something like a wide V‚ with its two hydrogen atoms joined
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stop codons tell the tRNA to stop translating codons into proteins. They are essential in the process of producing proteins. 6. Describe the processes of transcription and translation in your own words‚ based on what you have observed in the Gizmo. Transcription: Protein synthesis process starts in the nucleus where DNA is found‚ which is a double chain of sugars and phosphates that are joined by pairs of nucleic acids. These are adenine‚ guanine‚ cytosine and thymine. For replication‚ DNA is unzipped
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MICROBIAL NUTRITION Nutrition which is also called as nourishment or aliment is a provision to the cells and organisms with the materials necessary to support life. Here it deals with the nutrition in microorganism which is called as microbial nutrition. Nutrients may be divided into three general‚ often overlapping categories: Those that supply energy‚ those that supply carbon‚ and those that supply any and everything else. In this lecture we will consider nutrition from the point
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| | |Make chlorophyll | |Nitrate (NO3-) |Make amino acids and nucleotides | |Iron(II) (Fe2+) |Part of haemoglobin which transport oxygen | Water Water provides an environment that • Has a fairly stable
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protein is 226 amino acids long‚ has a molecular mass of 25 kDa and shares DNA and amino acid sequence as the C-terminus of the M and L protein. The M protein has a 55-amino acid extension to the S protein at its N-terminus‚ giving it a molecular mass of 31 kDa‚ while the L protein a further 108-119-amino acid extention to the M protein at its N-terminus and a molecular mass of 43 kDa. Virions and subviral particles contain all three proteins
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