chemical known today as ethanol) in the 18th century and was extended to the class of substances so-called as "alcohols" in modern chemistry after 1850. The first alcohol (today known as ethyl alcohol) was discovered by the tenth-century Persian alchemist al-Razi. The current Arabic name for alcohol (ethanol) is “al-ġawl” – properly meaning "spirit" or "demon" – with the sense "the thing that gives the wine its headiness" (in the Qur’an sura 37 verse 47). The term “ethanol” was invented 1838‚ modeled
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CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3‚ has a higher boiling point than butane‚ CH3CH2CH2CH3. For the same reason‚ the boiling points of the straight chain alcohols also increase as the number of carbon atoms in the chain increases. Therefore butanol‚ CH3CH2CH2CH2OH‚ has a higher boiling point than propanol‚ CH3CH2CH2OH. Because of hydrogen bonding‚ the boiling point of an alcohol is higher than that of the alkane with the closest molecular weight‚ which is the one with one more carbon atom. Therefore‚ CH3CH2CH2CH2OH has
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Experiment :12 Vapor Pressure and the Heat of Vaporization Nicole Petersen TA: Ryan Dixon 4/16/2013 Purpose: Use experimental techniques to record temperature and volume data for known and unknown compounds. The liquid and gas are going to be at equilibrium. We will also determine the boiling point for the known and unknown. Then use a graph to calculate the slope and then use Clasius- Clapeyron equation to find the heat vaporization. Procedure: Refer to pages 155-167 of Chemistry 1210 General
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pipette • Rack with 3 small test tubes • Beaker Chemicals: • Butan-1-ol (harmful and flammable) • Sodium bromide • Concentrated sulphuric acid (very corrosive) • Anhydrous sodium sulphate • Concentrated hydrochloric acid (corrosive) • Ethanol (highly flammable) • Dilute nitric acid (corrosive) • Dilute sodium hydroxide (corrosive) • Silver nitrate solution‚ approximately 0.1 M • Sodium bromide solution‚ approximately 0.1 M Procedures: 1. A clean dry round
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g/molAppearance: White powderDensity: 3.21 g/cm3 (anhydrous)2.18 g/cm3 (dihydrate)Melting point 747 °C (anhydrous)36 °C (dihydrate)Boiling point 1396 °CSolubility in water: 90.5 g/100 mL (20 °C) 121.0 g/100 mL (100 °C)Solubility in methanol 16.7 g/100mL | 1-butanol | Molecular formula:C4H10OMolar mass:74.12 g mol−1Appearance: Colourless liquidDensity: 0.81 g cm-3Melting point: −90 °C‚ 183 K‚ -130 °FBoiling point: 118 °C‚ 391 K‚ 244 °FSolubility in water 73 g L-1 at 25°C | NaOH | Molecular formula: NaOHMolar
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biofuels such as biodiesel and sugar- or starch-based ethanol‚ evidence suggests that transportation fuels based on lignocellulosic biomass represent the most scalable alternative fuel source1. Lignocellulosic biomass in the form of plant materials (for example‚ grasses‚ wood and crop residues) offers the possibility of a renewable‚ geographically distributed and relatively greenhouse-gas-favourable source of sugars that can be converted to ethanol and other liquid fuels. Calculations of the productivity
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Title: Competing Nucleophiles (Exp 24‚ pp 211-221‚ pp 808-823‚ pp 836-842) Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to determine the nucleophilic strength of chloride and bromide ions as it reacts with 1-butanol (n-butyl) and 2-methyl-2-propanol (t-butyl alcohol) under SN1 and SN2 conditions. Method: 40 g of ice and approximately 30 ml of sulfuric acid is cautiously added to a 100 mL beaker respectively. Weigh 7.6 g of ammonium chloride and 14.0 g of ammonium bromide and place it in
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Reactions of Carbonyls-Aldehyde/Ketone Analysis: Introduction: The carbonyl group is a rich source of many important reactions in organic chemistry‚ with two fundamental properties that are primarily responsible for its diverse chemistry. The first is the polarization of the. Carbon-oxygen pi bond‚ owing to the relatively high electro negativity. The second property of a carbonyl function is to increase the acidity of the alpha-hydrogen atoms‚ which are the hydrogen’s
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Organic Chemistry: CHP 225 Thomas Hsieh Experiment 2: Boiling Points o Date experiment was performed: September 16‚ 2011 o Objective: To determine the boiling point of organic compounds such as tert-butyl alcohol‚ sec-butyl alcohol‚ n-butyl alcohol‚ and an unknown. o Principle: Boiling point is the temperature at which gas and liquid phases coexist in equilibrium. At this temperature‚ the vaporization rate and the condensation rate are equal. The liquid and vapor reach a state of dynamic
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Chemistry 105 A Final Exam 06/24/10 First Letter of last Name Dr. Jessica Parr Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Maximum points 18 8 12 12 8 10 12 10 6 6 (Sub-T) PLEASE PRINT YOUR NAME IN BLOCK LETTERS Name: __________________________________________ Last 4 Digits of USC ID:_____ _____ _____ _____ Lab TA’s Name: _________________________________ Score (102) Grader Question 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 (Sub-T) TOTAL
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