Reaction Experiment #13: Synthesis of 1-Bromobutane an SN2 Reaction Introduction: In order to synthesize 1-Bromobutane an alkyl halide must be present to undergo a nucleophilic substitution reaction of an alcohol. Since 1-butanol is a primary substrate it will undergo an SN2 reaction with sodium bromide in order to convert the alcohol group to water which is a better leaving group and will in the end produce 1-bromobutane. Experimentally the lab students will see the reaction
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to dissolve the salts. We put 17mL into a separatory funnel for use in the second reaction‚ and placed the rest into a reflux apparatus for our first reaction. We performed the first reaction of the competitive nucleophiles with 1-Butanol. We added 2.5mL of 1-butanol to the solvent-nucleophile medium in the reflux apparatus with a boiling stone and heated the mixture under reflux for 75 minutes. After reflux was completed‚ we allowed it to cool in an ice bath‚ and transferred the solution to a
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The Basics of NMR Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION [pic] NMR Spectroscopy Units Review [pic] NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance‚ or NMR as it is abbreviated by scientists‚ is a phenomenon which occurs when the nuclei of certain atoms are immersed in a static magnetic field and exposed to a second oscillating magnetic field. Some nuclei experience this phenomenon‚ and others do not‚ dependent upon whether they possess a property called spin. You will learn about spin
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And among them fuel subsidy such as on diesel‚ petrol and kerosene take a bulk of India expenditure. Our study plan to find ways of reducing subsidy by introducing Petro card‚ National ethanol Blending policy and linking Aadhar card to income of individuals. Keywords: Petrol‚ Diesel‚ Kerosene‚ National Ethanol Blending Policy‚ Subsidy‚ Aadhar‚ CAD. Introduction India is like no other country in the world‚ many of the problems of India are unique to its functioning‚ India has a huge population
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the sulfuric acid. We used heat to help the solutes dissolve. When they had dissolved‚ we allowed the flask to cool and then poured 17 mL of the solution into a separatory funnel and the rest of the solution into the reflux apparatus. 2.5 mL of 1-butanol was added to the reflux apparatus along with a boiling stone. We then started the circulation of water and brought the mixture to a gentle boil for 75 minutes. After that time we allowed it to cool in an ice bath. We then transferred the solution
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Technetium-99 Technetium-99 (Tc-99m) is used tens of millions of times annually. Approximately 85% of diagnostic procedures in nuclear medicine use this radioisotope. Making it the most common radioisotope used in diagnosis. Technetium-99 is used as a radioactive tracer and is detected in the body by gamma cameras. Technetium-99 is produced by bombarding Molybdenum with neutrons‚ producing Molybdenum-99. This then goes through a Beta decay with a half-life of 66 hours and produces Technetium. Technetium-99
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C H A P T E R 5 Basic Concepts from Organic Chemistry 5.1 | INTRODUCTION The fundamental information that environmental engineers and scientists need concerning organic chemistry differs considerably from that which the organic chemist requires. This difference is due to the fact that chemists are concerned principally with the synthesis of compounds‚ whereas environmental engineers and scientists are concerned‚ in the main‚ with how the organic compounds in liquid‚ solid‚ and gaseous wastes
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distilled and the collecting tubes was switched at the appropriate temperature. The volume‚ flammability‚ odour‚ density and boiling point of each fractions were recorded. After this experiment‚ we concluded that the liquids in the mixture were 2-propanol and water. Data/ Results: Heating Curve Data Time (s) Temperature (°c) 0 22.0 10 22.8 20 22.9
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1-bromobutane. Designate how each minor-product is removed from the major product and which layer holds the product in each experimental step performed. [pic] Introduction This experiment utilizes SN2 chemistry to convert 1-butanol (n-butanol) to 1-bromobutane (n-bromobutane). The nucleophile for the reaction is Br- ions. The nucleophile in this lab is generated from an aqueous solution of sodium bromide. The sulfuric acid acts as a catalyst in converting
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of solids – ionic and molecular solids. • To classify three unknown substances as ionic compounds‚ polar covalent compounds or non-polar covalent compounds. • To identify the three unknowns. Observations: A B C Solubility in: • H2O • 2-Propanol Soluble Insoluble Soluble Insoluble Insoluble Soluble Conductivity None High None Melting Point 100 – 525 ℃ > 525 ℃ < 100 ℃ Odour Subtle None Very Strong Concluding Questions: 1. Identify the type of solid in each unkown compound
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