Determination of Melting and Boiling Point of different Organic Compounds Bakare‚ Abimbola Kristine‚ C. Professor Miranda Marilyn‚ school of chemical engineering and biotechnology‚ Mapua Institute of Technology‚ CHM145L-B11 ABSTRACT A melting point of a solid is the temperature at which the first crystal just starts to melt until the temperature at which the last crystal just disappears. Thus‚ the melting point (m.p.) is actually a melting range. The melting point of a substance depends
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Victorian Certificate of Education 2012 CHEMISTRY Written examination Day Date 2012 Reading time: *.** to *.** (15 minutes) Writing time: *.** to *.** (1 hour 30 minutes) DATA BOOK Directions to students • A question and answer book is provided with this data book. Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination room. © VICTORIAN CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY 2012 2012 CHEM DATA BOOK 2 Table
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Journal of Biotechnology 152 (2011) 114–124 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Biotechnology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jbiotec Review Halophilic anaerobic fermentative bacteria Anniina T. Kivistö ∗ ‚ Matti T. Karp Tampere University of Technology‚ Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering‚ Tampere‚ Finland a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t In hypersaline environments bacteria are exposed to a high osmotic pressure caused by the surrounding
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sulfuric acid in order for it to be effective. The name of the ester formed is butyl ethanoate. This is because the ‘-anol’ part of the alcohol name becomes ‘-yl’ and the carboxylic acid part which has the name of ‘-ic acid’ will end with a ‘-ate’ 1-butanol + ethanoic acid butyl ethanoate + water. C4H9OH(aq) + CH3CO2H(aq) CH3CO2C4H9(aq) + H2O(l) CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + CH2COOH CH3COOCH2CH2CH2CH3 + H2O The preparation of an ester involves three stages which are synthesis
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w w w e tr .X m eP UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS GCE Ordinary Level e ap .c rs om MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2011 question paper for the guidance of teachers 5070 CHEMISTRY 5070/21 Paper 2 (Theory)‚ maximum raw mark 75 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates‚ to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that
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2. To apply the reaction of Friedel-Crafts Alkylation to dimethoxybenzene Chemical Index: Chemical Structure Molecular Weight Melting Point Boiling Point Acetic Acid C2H4O2 60.05 g/mol 16-17°C 118-119°C T-Butanol C4H10O 74.12 g/mol 25-26°C 82-83°C 1‚4-dimethoxybenzene C8H10O2 138.16 g/mol 54-56°C 212.6°C Nitric Acid HNO3 63.01 g/mol -42°C 83°C Major Chemical Reactions:
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EXPERIMENT I Photoreduction of Benzophenone Introduction The study of chemical reactions‚ isomerizations and physical behavior that may occur under the influence of visible and/or ultraviolet light is called Photochemistry. The fundamental principles for understanding photochemical transformations are that light must be absorbed by a compound in order for a photochemical reaction to take place‚ and that for each photon of light absorbed by a chemical system only one molecule is activated for
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this experiment was to demonstrate the conversion of a primary alcohol‚ 1-butanol‚ to a primary bromoalkane‚ 1-bromobutane‚ a SN2 reaction. The conversion of 1-butanol to 1-bromobutane relies on sulfuric acid which plays two important roles. First‚ it protonates the alcohol of 1-butanol to form an oxonium ion which is a good leaving group. Secondly‚ it produces the hydrobromic acid‚ the nucleophile‚ which attacks 1-butanol causing the oxonium ion to leave and forming 1-bromobutane. However‚ using
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UNIVERSITY OF THE GAMBIA LECTURE NOTES COURSE: PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY II (ORGANIC CHEMISTRY) CODE: CHM 161 2ND SEMESTER SESSION: 2012/2013 LECTURER: ANTHONY F. ADJIVON UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION Organic chemistry started as the chemistry of life‚ when that was thought to be different from the chemistry in the laboratory. Then it became the chemistry of carbon compounds‚ especially those found in coal. Now it is both. It is the chemistry of the compounds of carbon along with other elements
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Solvents used were water‚ methanol‚ n-butanol‚ ethylene glycol‚ acetone‚ hexane‚ toluene‚ ethyl acetate‚ and dichloromethane. Then added to the vials was 0.5 mL of isooctane in each one. The vials were then swirled and observed to determine solubility. In part two of the experiment‚ 0.5 mL
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