Physiology Activity 2: Plasma‚ Glucose‚ Insulin and Diabetes (20 points total) Notes: • After reading the Overview and Introduction‚ Click on Experiment. • Follow the directions on the left side of the menu to complete the lab. Record your data in Chart 1. • Use the data chart to answer the following questions. You do not have to submit your lab to be recorded. Chart 1: Glucose Standard Curve (volume in mg/deciliter) (10 points) Tube Optical Density Glucose (mg/deciliter) 1 2
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Basic Mechanism An autoimmune disease occurs when the body produces an abnormal immune response against self antigens. It is caused by failure of the tolerance processes to protect the host from the action of self reactive lymphocytes. An organ-specific autoimmune disease involves gradual damage to cellular structures and is replaced by the compensating connective tissue which depletes the function of the gland/organ. Type 1 diabetes (TD1)‚ is an organ specific autoimmune disease characterize
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the American Diabetes Association‚ diabetes is a group of diseases characterized by high blood glucose levels that result from defects in the body ’s ability to produce and/or use insulin. Glucose is a sugar that is the body ’s main source of energy. When you eat‚ glucose from your food gets into your bloodstream. Your pancreas digests the food and makes a hormone called insulin. Insulin helps glucose get into your body ’s cells and that is how your body gets the energy it needs. b. Different
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perform to diagnose you. The first is called an A1C test‚ this tests the blood glucose from the last 2 to 3 months‚ this test is preferred because no fasting is necessary. Anything that comes back less than 5.7% A1C is normal‚ anything between 5.7% and 6.4% A1C is considered pre diabetes and anything that is greater than 6.5% A1C is diabetes. The second test is the Fasting Plasma Glucose‚ or FPG‚ this test is done after fasting (normally eight hours of no eating or drinking‚ besides water). If the results
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terms: metabolism‚ hormone replacement therapy‚ type 1 diabetes‚ type 2 diabetes‚ and glucose standard curve. 2. To explain the role of thyroxine in maintaining an animal’s metabolic rate. 3. To explain the effects of thyroid-stimulating hormone on an animal’s metabolic rate. 4. To understand how estrogen affects bone density. 5. To explain how hormone replacement therapy works. 6. To explain how fasting plasma glucose is used to diagnose diabetes. 7. To understand how levels of cortisol and ACTH can
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amputations. Etiology and Pathophysiology Current theories link the cause of diabetes‚ singly or in combination‚ to genetic‚ autoimmune‚ viral‚ and environmental factors (obesity‚ stress). Regardless of its cause‚ diabetes is primarily a disorder of glucose metabolism related to absent or insufficient insulin supplies and/or poor utilization of the insulin that is available. The two most common types of diabetes are classified as type I or type II diabetes mellitus. Gestational diabetes and secondary
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Starting off with your fasting glucose results‚ the regular range is between 4 to 6mmol/L. Depending on your last meal eaten before the test‚ it may be increased a little‚ but yours translates into about 10 mmol/L. Which is way above normal ranges. The Hemoglobin A1C test usually ranges between 4 to 5.6% but yours is 8.8%. The total cholesterol is above the normal range of 5.2‚ making it greater than normal. Triglycerides show that anything below 1.7 is desirable‚ indicating that a level of 5.5 mmol/L
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which the body either does not produce enough‚ or does not properly respond to‚ insulin‚ a hormone produced in the pancreas. Insulin enables cells to absorb glucose in order to turn it into energy. In patients with diabetes‚ the body either fails to properly respond to its own insulin‚ does not make enough insulin‚ or both. This causes glucose to accumulate in the blood‚ often leading to various complications. Types There are several types of Diabetes that result in different conditions‚ but
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CELLS – basic unit of the body‚ where most of the body’s chemical reactions occur @ Composition: ➢ nucleus ➢ mitochondria ➢ ribosomes ➢ endoplasmic reticulum ➢ secretory granules ➢ cellular (plasma) membrane @ the formation‚ growth‚ & functioning of cells require the presence of appropriate raw materials & enzymes & a readily available energy supply ( @ Malfunction: 1. destruction by trauma or by invasive agents
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What is Type 1 Diabetes? This type of diabetes is where the pancreas‚ an organ in the human body‚ cannot produce insulin‚ a hormone. When insulin is not present‚ it is harder for the body to convert enough glucose to be used as energy. Lack of energy then makes it more difficult for the body to function fluidly and properly. Only about 5% of people with diabetes have Type 1‚ making it less common compared to the more prevalent Type 2 Diabetes. In addition‚ it is most often developed and diagnosed
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