establishment of the Second German Empire in 1870-1871. The Prime Minister‚ Clemenceau was the Mayor of Paris during the siege of 1870-1871‚ where the inhabitants were forced to hunt the local rat population for food. France was also humiliated at the annexation of Alsace-Lorraine. France therefore wanted the harshest penalties on the Germans‚ and wanted money to help to rebuild the cities‚ and coal to compensate for the coal and iron ore extracted from Northern France by the Germans‚ and to prevent a recurrence
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prepare the war outside of their country. By doing this‚ Germany could prevent an internal political war by which the ruling politicians‚ in this case Kaiser Wilhelm II and chancellor Bethmann Hollweg‚ were feared to lose their political powers as the German Socialist Power came to rise. Therefore they directed all their political attention to the foreign politics and became the aggressor in the eyes of historians such as Fischer. By starting the
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of history‚ it was the force that made Germany so powerful‚ and made it possible for a man like Adolf Hitler to gain total control of it. 2. Adolf Hitler - a madman and political genius‚ Adolf Hitler re-ignited the Prussian militarism after the German defeat in World War 1‚ and with this great power under his total control‚ he started the greatest and cruelest war in history‚ in his planned attempt to vastly expand Germany and to dominate the entire world. 3. Appeasement - Britain and France
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shattered when Austria-Hungary annexed the state. Russia intervened; she wanted to expand her influence in the Balkans and aided Serbia. On the other hand‚ Germany‚ who promoted Pan-Germanism‚ openly supported Austria-Hungary’s annexation. Due to the German intervention‚ Russia and Serbia were forced to accept and recognize their territorial claim. Serbia’s irredentism hopes were crushed‚ and the Serbians gradually grew hostile towards Austria-Hungary. The above incident was known as the Bosnian Crisis
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terms of unification between the 39 individual ‘German’ states and monarchies. Between the years 1815 to 1848‚ ‘Germany’ as one individual country still didn’t exist‚ and ’’German’ people continued to lack nationalist sentiment and liberalist views not until the end of 1848‚ a period when a series of ’German’ revolutions took place. In 1815‚ the ’German’ political system was heavily influenced by Metternich and Austria‚ and there was still no clear ’German’ borders as all of the 39 states formed by the
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interpretation of the German unification. No 19th century figure has attracted the attention and controversy that surround the achievement of Otto von Bismarck‚ with the exception perhaps of Napoleon Bonaparte. The success of Bismarck’s work in unifying Germany has shifted from a determinist to a dialectic approach. Early historiography had portrayed him as a master statesman‚ leading Germany to her rightful destiny. However‚ dissent from this thesis was at first from non-German historians who re-interpreted
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1. Bismarck’s Legacy German Unification Germany was a new country‚ which had emerged from nationalism. However in 1800 there had been 400 states which were known as the Holy Roman Empire – each with its own ruler. After the Napoleonic Wars‚ the Holy Roman Empire came to an end and the number of states reduced to 39 which became known as the German Confederation in 1815. Prussia and Austria (the two most powerful states) competed for leadership of the confederation. Prussia in 1834 set up a
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narrowed political divisions in Germany? How far do you agree with this judgement? When the First World War broke out in 1914 the political divisions that had existed before narrowed as the German people became united in the defence of their country. The Kaiser’s declaration that he ‘knew no political parties‚ only Germans’‚ is evidence and a reflection of the national sense of patriotism that was felt throughout the Germany at the outbreak of war. The division between the right and the left ceased to
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INTRODUCTION The battleship Bismarck was named in honour of Otto Fürst von Bismarck‚ the architect of German unification and the arbiter of European politics during the second half of the 19th century. Bismarck‚ also known as the "Iron Chancellor"‚ was the founder and first chancellor of the German Empire‚ and through his diplomatic skills‚ he managed to maintain the peace in Europe for a generation. EARLY LIFE AND CAREER Otto von Bismarck was born on 1 April 1815 at Schönhausen in Brandenburg
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In the 1740’s‚ Great Britain and France both realized that a struggle for control of North America was unavoidable. With the French’s involvement in the fur trade and the English’s concern with their cash crops the desire for more land grew‚ which ultimately caused clashes between the two empires. France pushed westward in pursuit of its one valuable resource‚ the beaver. European fashion setters valued beaver fur hats for their warmth and luxurious appearance. Demands for the fur grew. French
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