THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC MOLECULES I. MACROMOLECULES-large molecules that are composed of smaller molecules and atoms that are bonded together. These are among the largest of all chemical molecules. A. Polymers-the largest of the macromolecules. These are composed of numerous‚ small identical subunits known as Monomers. There are 4 major polymers that are important for living organisms. These polymers are; carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ proteins and nucleic acids. B. Polymers
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structures. Disaccharides 2 monosaccharides combined glucose + glucose = maltose Polysaccharides Many monosaccharides combined together to create STARCH‚ CELLULOSE and GLYCOGEN Starch (amylose-simpler diagram)- long term energy and storage Glycogen (more branched diagram) - unused glucose is turned into glycogen and stored for later use Cellulose- plant cells are made of this which is why they are rigid. Used in digestion in humans‚ cleans out colon and intestines. Proteins – building
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HSC Core 2: Factors affecting Performance * Q. How does training affect performance? Energy Systems * the body requires energy for: muscular contractions Glandular functions Digestion Blood circulation Tissue building and repair The body receives energy from food which is broken down into carbohydrates‚ fats and proteins The ATP System : Energy: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Enough One explosive movement Release of energy: free
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In 1957‚ Dr. William Coda Martin tried to answer the question: When is a food a food and when is it a poison? His working definition of "poison" was: "Medically: Any substance applied to the body‚ ingested or developed within the body‚ which causes or may cause disease. Physically: Any substance which inhibits the activity of a catalyst which is a minor substance‚ chemical or enzyme that activates a reaction."1 The dictionary gives an even broader definition for "poison": "to exert a harmful influence
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Biology Laboratory Report Practical 4 Food tests Introduction The main components of food are proteins‚ fats‚ carbohydrates‚ and‚ of course‚ water. Proteins‚ lipids and carbohydrates are carriers about energy necessary for vital activity. They are a plastic material for the formation of structures of the body‚ as well as used for the synthesis of hormones and substances that transmit signals in the nervous system. Our food also includes food (plant) fibers‚ has recently seemed unnecessary ballast
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di-phosphate (ADP)‚ However‚ only a small amount of ATP is stored within the muscles cells‚ about 10-15 seconds and takes 2-3 minutes to fully replenish. When ATP is depleted the body turn to anaerobic Glycolysis for energy. This process breaks down glycogen and glucose (Sugar and Fat) to produce energy. This process creates a by-product called ‘pyruvic acid’ which converts into lactic acid if there is insufficient oxygen circulating in the muscles. If Lactic acid accumulates‚ the process of anaerobic
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mitochondria mean more energy. Instead of experiencing a dip in energy after exercising‚ ketones help to maintain higher‚ more consistent energy levels. Studies have also suggested ketones could restore your muscle’s glycogen levels‚ which is an essential element of proper muscle recovery. Glycogen initiates muscle tissue repair and adaptation‚ so you can train harder‚ recover faster‚ and see real
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body requires an energy source and the amount used depends on the duration and type of activity. Energy is measured in Calories and is acquired from food stored or eaten. Glycogen is the main source of fuel used by the muscles to enable you to undertake both aerobic and anaerobic exercise. If you train whilst having a low glycogen storage level‚ you will notice a decrease in optimal performance‚ and there can be side effects such as nausea and dizziness. Index: Page 1) Introduction to nutrition
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Essential Medical Bioscience and Introduction to Body Systems Practice Questions: Lectures 1 - 10 LECTURE 1: Keeping a clean and organized home and clutter-free work place is part of: A. Physical Health Dimension B. Social Health Dimension C. Environmental Health Dimension D. Mental Health Dimension E. Spiritual Health Dimension Building and maintaining effective relationships with family and friends is part of: A. Physical Health Dimension B. Social Health Dimension C. Environmental Health Dimension
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caused. The leading causes in The United States are alcoholism and hepatitis C‚ (National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse‚ 2003). Some other ways that it can be caused are inherited diseases such as cystic fibrosis‚ hemochromatosis‚ Glycogen storage disease and Wilson’s disease (National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse‚ 2003). Cirrhosis of the liver can be caused by too much metal‚ such as copper or iron‚ in the liver which can cause abnormal storage (Digestive Disorders
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