Answer all questions in the spaces provided. 1 Glycogen is stored in the muscles. Scientists investigated changes in the amount of glycogen stored in the muscles of two 20 year-old male athletes‚ A and B. Athlete A ate a high-carbohydrate diet. Athlete B ate a low-carbohydrate diet. Each athlete did one 2-hour training session each day. The graph shows the results for the first 3 days. Key: 120 100 Concentration of 80 glycogen in muscles in mmol per kilogram 60 40 of muscle mass
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Section 1: Biomolecules & chemical bonding Reading: Chapter 2‚ concepts 2.3 – 2.5 Chapter 3‚ concepts 3.1 – 3.6 Watch and Learn: Biological molecules http://youtu.be/QWf2jcznLsY Basic Key Concepts After completing the readings and practice exercises‚ students should be able to: Define the biologically relevant interactions (bonds) between molecules. List functional groups commonly found in biological molecules. List from memory the electronegativity of carbon‚ nitrogen‚ oxygen
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HSC Core 2: Factors Affecting Performance Chapter 5: How does training affect performance? Energy systems * alactacid system (ATP/PC) * lactic acid system * aerobic system Energy Systems * The human body requires energy for its organs to function‚ internal processes to take place and to power muscular contractions for movement * Energy in the human body is stored in the chemical bonds that join atoms and is released when needed * The transformation of food‚ chemical
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Organic Chemistry/Biochemistry 1: Compounds Important to Life • Biologists classify compounds into organic compounds and inorganic compounds. Organic Compound: a compound that is derived from living things and contains carbon Inorganic Compound: a compound generally derived nonliving things • Water Water is an inorganic molecule with unique properties that make it one of the most important compounds for living things. In the water molecule (H2O)‚ the hydrogen and oxygen atoms bond
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CHAPTER 1 Cell Structure and Organisation Cells * All living organisms are made up of cells * The simplest living organisms have one cell only * His name is unicellular-e.g. bacteria. * Most other living organisms have many cells- his name is multicellular- e.g. Man‚ plants‚ animals. * Cells can be seen only under microscope Cell structure All cells have the following structure in common: a) Cell membrane- a very thin layer of protein and fat‚ surrounding the cell.
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Monosaccharide also called SIMPLE SUGAR‚ any of the basic compounds that serve as the building blocks of carbohydrates. Monosaccharides are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones; that is‚ they are molecules with more than one hydroxyl group (-OH)‚ and a carbonyl group (C=O) either at the terminal carbon atom (aldose) or at the second carbon atom (ketose). The carbonyl group combines in aqueous solution with one hydroxyl group to form a cyclic compound (hemi-acetal or hemi-ketal). Monosaccharides are
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* h) Know and understand that these changes increase the blood flow to the muscles and so increase the supply of sugar and oxygen and increase the rate of removal of carbon dioxide. * i) Know and understand that muscles store glucose as glycogen‚ which can then be converted back to glucose for use during exercise. AQA GCSE Science BIOLOGY Unit B2.6.2 Anaerobic respiration * a) Know and understand during exercise‚ if insufficient oxygen is reaching the muscles they use anaerobic respiration
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Nutrition notes 9-17-2013 Chapter 5 ** Fat from fat stores and muscle glycogen provides most of the energy to fuel muscular work (physical activity) ** About 95% of the lipids in foods and in the human body are triglycerides. ** The fatty acids in foods influence the composition of fats in the body. ** Fats are a mixture of saturated monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. ** Lipids that are firm at room temperature are called fats‚ and lipids that are liquid at room
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energy. The breakdown of fats is not instant because skeletal muscle has to receive the fatty acids from the blood to break it down. In the fifteen minutes‚ the body has to tap into a fuel source so sustain the energy and that fuel source is the glycogen and glucose (which is located in the skeletal muscle). Frielander‚ Casazza‚ Horning‚ Buddinger‚ and Brooks reported that throughout the hour of the exercise all the subjects reported an increase in glycerol. This data shows true with what was seen
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Living organisms are composed of part water and part chemicals. The chemicals that help make up life are constructed mainly of carbon. A compound that has carbon in its composition is called an organic compound. Organic compounds also usually contain hydrogen atoms. Even though life is very complex‚ all large molecules that make up life are categorized into four large classes: lipids‚ protein‚ carbohydrates‚ and nucleic acids. These four molecules are known as macromolecules‚ due to their large size
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