One British thermal unit is equal to about 1055 Joules. It is the amount of energy needed to cool or heat one pound (0.453 kg) of water by 1 deg. Fahrenheit. Commercial refrigerators in the US are mostly rated in tons of refrigeration‚ but elsewhere in kW. One ton of refrigeration can freeze one short ton of water at 0 deg. C in 24 hours i.e. 2000 pounds of ice at 144 BTUs per pound (heat of fusion of water) = 288000 BTUs 288000/24 = 12000 BTUs/hr. or one ton of refrigeration. Energy Analysis
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type of vaporization of a liquid which occurs at temperatures below the boiling point that take place from the surface of a liquid‚ into a gaseous stage of only the molecules on the liquid surface. Equilibrium vapor pressure is obtained once the equilibrium is reached between molecules that are entering and leaving the liquid state and vapor state. This pressure is dependent on the physical characteristics of substances and temperature increasing with time. Another type of vaporization is boiling
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endothermic? 5. Rubbing alcohol is very volatile. What does this statement mean? 6. What is dynamic equilibrium? Vapor pressure? 7. How is the “normal boiling point” different from any other boiling point? 8. When do you use heat of vaporization and heat of fusion instead of specific heat? 9. What are intermolecular forces? Explain each one and their relative strengths with respect to one another. 10. Are water and oil miscible? Why or why not? 11. Explain and give an example of the following: a. Ionic
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techniques. * EDM typically works with materials that are electrically conductive‚ although methods for machining insulating ceramics with EDM have been proposed. * EDM can cut intricate contours or cavities in hardened steel without the need for heat treatment to soften and re-harden them. * This method can be used with any other metal or metal alloy such as titanium‚ hastelloy‚ kovar‚ and inconel. EDM – Working Principle * It is a process of metal removal based on the principle of material
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PSC 41- Specific Heat Capacity and Latent Heat Constants: Specific heat capacity ofwater=4180 J Kg-1 K-1 Specific heat capacity of ice=2050 J Kg-1 K-1 Specific heat capacity of copper= 386 J Kg-1 K-1 Specific heat capacity of aluminum=900 J Kg-1 K-1 Latent heat of vaporization of water =2.26x106 J Kg-1 Latent heat of fusion of water = 3.34x105 J Kg-1 Density of water =1000 Kg m-3 Conversion : 1L ≡ 103 g for water 1) A 12.5 g sample of an unknown metal‚ heated to 99.0
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CN3135 Process Safety Health and Environment Summary Notes References based on Chemical Process Safety: Fundamentals with Applications (International Edition) 3rd Edition. Daniel A. Crowl‚ Joseph F. Louvar Tables and Figures are retrieved from the 2nd Edition Chapter 1: Introduction Safety or loss prevention: identification and elimination of hazards before accident occur Hazard: chemical or physical condition that has potential to cause damage to people‚ property and environment. Risk: measure of
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by the ease of vaporization of the components. The purpose of this process is either the separation of a mixture of volatile components from nonvolatile materials is carried out by a simple distillation in which the material is placed to distill and heated‚ the vapor from the substance is removed and condensed. In this activity‚ we tend to separate ethanol with water. Simple distillation is employed in this process. Keywords: Distillation‚ Simple distillation‚ vaporization‚ volatile and nonvolatile
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4f^5 6s^2Melting Point: 1373 KBoiling Point: 3273 KDensity: 7.23 g/cm^3Color of Element in its Standard Phase: A metallic silverState of Matter at Standard Temperature: SolidPhysical Properties: Member of the Lanthanide Family Heat of Vaporization: 289 kJ/mol Molar Volume: 19.95 cm^3/mole Chemical Properties: Electronegativity: -1.13 (Pauling)‚ -1.07 (Allrod Ronchow) 9 isotopes All isotopes are radioactive Isotopes: 9 isotopes‚ although none of them are
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[pic] Tutorial 1 Study Area 2 Water 1. Water molecules have a polarity that allows them to bond to each other with loose bonds called _____. A) hydrogen bonds B) ionic bonds C) acid bonds D) nonpolar bonds E) none of the above 2. Most of water’s unique properties result from the fact that water molecules _____. A) are very small B) tend to repel each other C) are extremely large D) tend to stick together E) are in constant motion
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CHEMISTRY 101 FINAL EXAM SECTIONS 572-580 Dr. Joy Heising FORM 4N December 7‚ 2001 Directions: 1. Fill out your scantron sheet. a. Do not forget to include your SIGNATURE and ID number. b. Dept = CHEM‚ Course No. = 101 c. If you want your scores posted‚ mark A under the option column 2. Use a #1 or #2 pencil for marking the answer sheets. circles completely. 3. DO NOT write on the envelope. 4. Read each question carefully‚ then choose the best answer for each question. There is no penalty
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