Process Safety Health and Environmental Summary
CN3135 Process Safety Health and Environment Summary Notes References based on Chemical Process Safety: Fundamentals with Applications (International Edition) 3rd Edition. Daniel A. Crowl, Joseph F. Louvar Tables and Figures are retrieved from the 2nd Edition Chapter 1: Introduction Safety or loss prevention: identification and elimination of hazards before accident occur Hazard: chemical or physical condition that has potential to cause damage to people, property and environment. Risk: measure of human injury, environmental damage, economic loss, in terms of likelihood and magnitude of loss or injury. Indices: OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration of United States government) - based on 100 worker years (equivalent of 200,000 worker hr) rateOSHA= i / T (Eqn 1-1) rateOSHA = OSHA incidence rate [per 200,000 exposure hour] i = total injuries and illness T = total work hours by all employees during period covered [hour] [Insert Table 1-3] FAR (Fatal Accident Rate) - based on 50 worker lifetimes (equivalent to 108 worker hr) FAR = f / T (Eqn 1-3) FAR = fatality rate [per 108 exposure hour] f = total fatalities T = total work hours by all employees during period covered [hour] FR (Fatality Rate) FR [year-1] = fatalities per person per year = fatalities per person × frequency [year]
[Insert Table 1-4] Acceptable Risk Frequency of Fatality Rate (yr-1) 10-3 10-4 10-5 10-6 Action Unacceptable Public money spent to control Some degree of inconvenience No great concern
FR and FAR Relationship FR = FAR × exp-hrs per year [deaths per person per year] = [deaths per 108 exp-hr] [exp-hr/person year]
Prepared by Lee Cher Kian
Chapter 2: Toxicology Entry Route Ingestion Inhalation Injection Dermal Absorption Dose Measurement ppm (vol) to mass concentration conversion Entry Organ Mouth or stomach Mouth or nose Cuts in skin Skin Method for control Food consumption and smoking rules Ventilation, respirators, hoods, PPE Proper protective clothing Proper
[Insert Table 1-4] Acceptable Risk Frequency of Fatality Rate (yr-1) 10-3 10-4 10-5 10-6 Action Unacceptable Public money spent to control Some degree of inconvenience No great concern
FR and FAR Relationship FR = FAR × exp-hrs per year [deaths per person per year] = [deaths per 108 exp-hr] [exp-hr/person year]
Prepared by Lee Cher Kian
Chapter 2: Toxicology Entry Route Ingestion Inhalation Injection Dermal Absorption Dose Measurement ppm (vol) to mass concentration conversion Entry Organ Mouth or stomach Mouth or nose Cuts in skin Skin Method for control Food consumption and smoking rules Ventilation, respirators, hoods, PPE Proper protective clothing Proper
References: 1/3 ' * !m$ 18 K # & = 0.0083) , "s% ( M (g / gmol) + At = cross section area of tank hLo = initial height of liquid to hole Flow of Liquid through Pipe (pg. 129 or CN2122) Flow of Gases or Vapors through Holes Qm = CO APO