54.4% 15.765 g Melting Point of Intermediate (Benzoin) Melting Point of Product (Benzil) Trial 1 – 129-131°C Trial 2 – 133-135°C Trial 3 – 132-135°C Trial 1 – 92-93°C Trial 2 – 92-94°C Trial 3 – 93-95°C Average Melting Point Observed (Intermediate): 131.3-133.6°C Average Melting Point Observed (Product): 92.3-94°C Theoretical Melting Point of Benzoin: 132°C Theoretical Melting Point of Benzil: 94.5°C Discussion and Conclusions:
Premium Acetic acid Vitamin B vitamins
Stage 1: Oxidation to methyl ketone oxidation half-equation: RCH(OH)CH3 RCOCH3 [O already balanced] RCH(OH)CH3 RCOCH3 + 2H+ [balance H atoms] RCH(OH)CH3 + 2OH- RCOCH3 + 2H+ + 2OH- [add OH- to remove H+] RCH(OH)CH3 + 2OH- RCOCH3 + 2H2O + 2e ----- (1) [balance the charge] reduction half-equation: I2 + 2e 2I- ----- (2) Combine equations 1 and 2: RCH(OH)CH3 + 2OH- + I2 RCOCH3 + 2H2O + 2I- [equation for Stage 1] Stage 2: Oxidation to carboxylate
Premium Oxygen Magnesium Nucleophile
the resin exuded from the bark of several species of Styrax trees. The fragrant resin smells like vanilla and is sometimes known as “gum benzoin”. It’s used to make incense and to slow fragrance release in perfumes. Benzoates are derived from benzoic acid. Today benzoic acid is made in the laboratory from other chemicals instead of being extracted from gum benzoin. Cinnamon contains benzoic acid. Source: AliciaC Benzoic Acid and Sodium Benzoate Pure benzoic acid is a white to colorless solid
Premium Sodium benzoate
chlorides‚ AgCl and Hg2Cl2‚ can be separated by adding aqueous ammonia. Silver chloride dissolves‚ forming the complex ion Ag (NH3)2+: AgCl(s) + 2 NH3 (aq) → Ag (NH3)2+(aq) + Cl-(aq) (6) Ammonia also reacts with Hg2Cl2 via a rather unusual oxidation-reduction reaction. The products include finely divided metallic mercury‚ which is black‚ and a compound of formula HgNH2Cl‚ which is white: Hg2Cl2(s) + 2 NH3 (aq) → Hg (l) + HgNH2Cl(s) + NH4+ (aq) + Cl-(aq) (7) White black white
Premium Ammonia Solubility Acid
FeCl3 iron (III) oxide Note that the roman numerals follow the names of the positive elements. The numerals indicate the oxidation state of the element in the compound. Practice Problems Name the following compounds. 6. SnCl4 __________________ 7. Mn2O3 __________________ 8. PbS __________________ Nonmetals such as C‚N‚ P‚ and S exhibit positive oxidation numbers when they combine with an active‚ highly electronegative nonmetal‚ such as oxygen. Some nonmetallic elements may also
Premium Oxygen Carbon dioxide Oxide
Objective: The purpose of this experiment was to prepare the Grignard reagent methylmagnesium iodide and react it with benzoin to form the 3o alcohol 1‚2-diphenyl-1‚2-propanediol‚ through an addition reaction pathway. Introduction: Grignard reagents are alkyl or aryl-magnesium halides that act as the nucleophile in Grignard reactions‚ where ketones are reacted with the reagent‚ then treated with acid to produce an alcohol. In the case of this experiment‚ methylmagnesium iodide was created
Premium Magnesium Diethyl ether Methane
|0.5 g piece of no. 16 or no. 18 copper wire |evaporating dish | |250 mL beaker (2) |weighing paper | |concentrated HNO3 (4 – 6 mL) |6.0 M H2SO4 (15 mL) | |graduated cylinder |granular zinc | |3.0 M NaOH (30 mL)
Premium Chemical reaction Aluminium Chemistry
Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to use sodium borohydride to reduce benzil. However‚ stereochemistry allows for five possible products. If only one carbonyl group is reduced during the reaction a racemic mixture of benzoin will be the product that is produced. After the first reduction a chiral center forms causing the second reduction to occur from only one side of the ketone. Depending on which side the second reduction take place there are three possible products including: a racemic
Premium Thin layer chromatography Chromatography Yield
electricity. When combining ammonia and oxygen‚ water and nitrogen‚ it is known as nitric acid. The word equation of form nitric acid is nitrogen dioxide+ oxygen+ water nitric acid. The chemical equation for nitric acid is N02+ H20+ O2 HNO3. The balanced chemical equation for nitric acid is 4NO2
Premium Oxygen Carbon dioxide Sulfuric acid
Reaction (d) Neutralisation Reaction (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Material downloaded from http://myCBSEguide.com and http://onlineteachers.co.in Portal for CBSE Notes‚ Test Papers‚ Sample Papers‚ Tips and Tricks 6. 7. Why is a Combustion reaction an oxidation reaction? Identify the type of chemical reaction (i) A + B → C (ii) A + BC → AC + B (2) (2) 8. 9. Why cannot a chemical change be normally reversed? Identify the substance oxidized and reduced in the reaction. CuO ( s ) + Zn( s ) → ZnO
Free Chemical reaction Hydrogen Nitrogen