ATP 8.1.1 State that oxidation involves the loss of electrons from an element‚ whereas reduction involves a gain of electrons; and that oxidation frequently involves gaining oxygen or losing hydrogen‚ whereas reduction frequently involves losing oxygen or gaining hydrogen. Oxidation: gain oxygen / lose hydrogen / lose electrons Reduction: lose oxygen / gain hydrogen / gain electrons 8.1.2 Outline the process of glycolysis‚ including phosphorylation‚ lysis‚ oxidation and ATP formation.
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antioxidant are used widely in the production of food which fats and oils are used as raw materials and in the marketing of foods containing fats under modern conditions. The major factor in quality degradation of fats and fatty portions of foods is oxidation. In the oxidative deterioration of fats and fat-like substances‚ off-flavors and off-odors are usually reported. Rather than the breakdown of the unsaturated fat molecules‚ there are four types of fat deterioration. Hydrolysis is the formation of
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Main factors affect the refined oil yield: 1‚ the alkali refining loss (1) for removal of colloid in hair oil‚ free fatty acid‚ moisture‚ impurities and other form of loss; (2) in the process caused by the loss of neutral oil saponification‚ emulsification; (3) theoretical calculation formula: alkali refining losses = 0.2 + 1.25 x (FFA % % + water + phosphatide content % % + 0.3% + impurities) 2‚ decoloring loss mainly for adsorption bleaching waste clay in oil absorption caused by the loss
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PLF: Cesar Rodriguez E-mail: ucla.cesar@gmail.com Midterm Review Session Chemistry 14BL Midterm Review Session *The information shown below is usually provided on the exam. Also‚ remember that calculators can be used on the exam.* Absolute Uncertainties 5.00 mL pipet: ± 0.01 mL 10.00 mL pipet: ± 0.02 mL Digital balance: ± 0.2 mg 50.00 mL volumetric flask: ± 0.04 mL 100.00 mL volumetric flask: ± 0.08 mL 25.00 mL buret: ± 0.03 mL Useful information pX = -logX pH = 14 – pOH Kw
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Oxidation-Reduction Activity Series Peter Jeschofnig‚ Ph.D. Version 42-0186-00-01 Lab RepoRt assistant This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions‚ diagrams if needed‚ and data tables that
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the balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of water to its elements. 2H2O(l) 2H2(g) + O2(g) 2. (a) Assign oxidation states to the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in each substance in the above chemical equation. The oxidation state of H2(g) and O2(g) is zero‚ because they are in their normal state. (b) Based on the changes in oxidation states for each atom‚ identify the atom that is oxidized and the atom that is reduced in the decomposition of water. Hydrogen atom is reduced
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and development of a Test rig to determine the Thermal and oxidation stability of Biodiesel Aim Design and fabrication of a test rig to determine thermal stability and oxidation stability of biodiesel. Objective Design of the reactor Fabrication of the reactor Fabrication of the control system Testing of the system Automation of the system Performance study of the oil for thermal stability Performance study of the oil for oxidation stability Introduction The term biofuel is used to define
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of test compound and Diphenylamine wasplaced in a test tube and heated in boiling water bath for ten minutes. Color change on the solution was noted. In Murexide Test‚ ten(10) drops of Guanidine was placed in a test tube. Concentrated Nitric Acid(HNO3) was added to the test compound and then brought to water bath to dry until a solid mixture is obtained. Once the mixture dried up‚ ten(10) drops of Potassium Hydroxide(KOH) was used to wet the reagent and then later on put to boiling water bath again
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Key Questions 8.1 and 8.2: Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations Include phases of matter for ALL reactants and products. Circle the chemical formula of the precipitate‚ if any‚ in each reaction. Balance all chemical equations. 1. Write a chemical equation for the reaction that occurs when solid sodium oxide is added to water at room temperature to yield sodium hydroxide . (Check the Solubility Rules to determine the phase of matter of sodium hydroxide.)
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Complete Solutions Manual GENERAL CHEMISTRY NINTH EDITION Ebbing/Gammon David Bookin Mt. San Jacinto College Darrell D. Ebbing Wayne State University‚ Emeritus Steven D. Gammon Western Washington University HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY BOSTON NEW YORK Vice President and Executive Publisher: George Hoffman Vice President and Publisher: Charles Hartford Senior Marketing Manager: Laura McGinn Development Editor: Kate Heinle Assistant Editor: Amy Galvin Editorial Assistant: Chip
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