Intractable Problems Intractable Problems The Classes P and NP Mohamed M. El Wakil Mohamed M. El Wakil mohamed@elwakil.net 1 Agenda 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5 What is a problem? Decidable or not? Decidable or not? The P class The NP Class The NP Complete class The NP‐Complete class 2 What is a problem? What is a problem? • A problem is a question to be answered. – What is the value of X/Y? • A problem usually has parameters. p y p – X‚ and Y • A decision problem is a version of the
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acter of Claudius: Hamlet“The character of Claudius is much too complex to be dismissed simply as the villain of the play.” What is your view of this statement? From the very beginning of the play Shakespeare portrays Claudius to be a villainous and devious character; this is made obvious through the murder of his brother King Hamlet‚ the taking of his brothers bride and his plan to kill Hamlet on the other hand it could be argued that Claudius cannot be purely shown as the scoundrel of the play
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MOTIVATION IN ORGANIZATION “Motivation refers to the force that cause people to behave in a certain way.” *(Psychological) forces acting on a person that initiate (begin) and direct behavior REWARDS: INSTRINSIC REWARDS The satisfaction received in the process of performing an action. Completion of complex task may give pleasant feelings or solving a problem that benefits other may fulfill person’s mission. A reward given by another person. Promotion Pay increase FOUNDATION OF MOTIVATION Different
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Introduction: This paper is written about "learning in an organization"‚ in other words‚ how to transfer knowledge between people who work in the organization. The authors of this study propose that knowledge has two perspectives; one is tacit knowledge and the other is explicit knowledge (Nonaka and Takeuchi 1995)‚ and these two kinds of knowledge can be managed in an organization‚ which Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) called SECI model. The theory is put on a situation which I joined. I managed business
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that the company stays on an ethical footing. So in addition I would like to present the theory of three pillars that support the organization. Ethical Individuals The first pillar is made up from managers who are ethical individuals. These managers possess honesty and integrity‚ which must be reflected through their behaviour and decisions in the organization. People must trust them. People can rely upon them and they treat people right and equally. They develop a high level of moral development
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depend on each other to accomplish their purpose‚ develop relationships with each other and outsiders and eventually develop roles in the team. These teams can be intact work groups working for the same person‚ or can be from different functions or organizations. In these times of constant change‚ it is essential for teams and team members to understand their strengths and weaknesses. Effective teamwork can help a company deal with this ongoing change and can create an environment to find better ways to
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ASSIGNMENT PROGRAMME: BACHELOR OF COMMERCE UNIT NAME: ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOR UNIT INSTRUCTOR: MR. GERVAS MWETA UNIT CODE: HBC 2209 ACADEMIC YEAR: 2012/13 PARTICIPANTS: MROKI‚ Evans ISHENGOMA‚ Fredrick KOMBA‚ Dominic LEONARD‚ Obed ALANDO‚ James YUSUPH‚ Iddy MREMA‚ Albert LEVELS OF STRATEGIES Strategy is the direction and scope of an organization over the long-term: which achieves advantage for the organization through its configuration of resources within a challenging
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Assignment 1: Staffing Organizations 1 Staffing Organizations Jeffery E. Dandridge Professor Joyce Mayfield Business 335 Staffing Organizations November 30th‚ 2012 Staffing Organizations 2 1. Identify the type of employment relationship you would establish between the coffee shop and the employees from a legal perspective. Explain your
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Abstract One of the most serious problems organizations have to face while adopting to change processes has to do with resistance to change among change recipients (TUI). I will explore ways that change agents can contribute to change resistance‚ while presenting examples to demonstrate such. Utilizing resistance as a positive resource will be analyzed and discussed‚ while discussing the common mistakes that managers make when trying to initiate change and 8 steps that are suggested for use to
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Organizational analysis approach Enables the behaviour of people in organizations to be examined from different view points which are characterised by conflicting and competing assumptions and interests The way we analyse is influenced by the way we understand organizations: There are a number of different types of metaphors that are used to understand the complex nature of organizations. As participants (either as employees or managers) we need to be careful not to depend solely on one particular
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