bacterial‚ protozoan and fungal cells (Immunity‚ 2007). To defense against those pathogens‚ our body generate three levels of defense: (1) anatomic barriers; (2) innate immune system and (3) adaptive immune system. The first level of defense involves the inhibition effects of skin‚ mucus secretion of the respiratory tract‚ low pH of stomach‚ etc. If pathogens do get through the physiological barrier‚ the innate and adaptive immune system come into play. Innate immunity is widely exist in all animal types
Premium Immune system
Protect host from infections‚ pathogens‚ and to eliminate disease. Protection from infection and disease is provided by the collaborative efforts of the innate and adaptive disease is provided by the collaborative efforts of the innate and adaptive Immunity. Immunity a. The Innate Immune System First line of defense against an invading pathogen (antigen)‚ induces physical (e.g.‚ skin)‚ biochemical (e.g.‚ complement lysozyme‚ interferons)‚ and cellular components (neutrophils monocytes macrophages natural
Premium Immune system Immunology
There is likely a connection between stress and illness. Theories of the stress–illness link suggest that both acute and chronic stress can cause illness‚ and several studies found such a link. According to these theories‚ both kinds of stress can lead to changes in behavior and in physiology. Behavioral changes can be smoking and eating habits and physical activity. Physiological changes can be changes in sympathetic activation or hypothalamic pituitary adrenocorticoid activation‚ and immunological
Premium Psychology Medicine Stress
Chapter 16-Lymphatic System & Immunity 1. Explain the functions of the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system functions to balance fluid‚ lipid absorption (via lacteals=lymph capillaries) and defense. It removes toxins/pathogens‚ fight infections and transports excess fluid in the interstitial spaces and returns it to the blood stream. Lacteals absorb digested fats from small intestines and transports it to venous circulation. 2. Trace the general pathway of lymph from the interstitial
Premium Immune system
Internal Defences Answers Syllabus Content Specific resistance: * role of B cells‚ T cells‚ memory cells and plasma cells * antibody and cell-mediated defence * primary and secondary immune response * passive and active immunity * natural and artificial immunity * role of antibiotics and antivirals. Risks‚ ethical concerns and benefits: * production and use of vaccines Review of Body’s Defences Pathogens – living organisms or agents that cause disease (e.g. bacteria‚ fungi‚ parasites
Premium Immune system
Vaccines represent one of the great achievements in public health. A turning point in the war against pathogenic infection occurred over 200 years ago when Edward Jenner used cowpox to elicit protective immune responses against a devastating outbreak of smallpox. Since then‚ the use of safe and effective vaccines to prevent infection has become a fundamental aspect of modern medicine. While many vaccination campaigns have been successful‚ the constant emergence‚ and re-emergence‚ of pathogens challenges
Premium Immune system Vaccine
Animal Biology - Study Guide 2013 Professor: Marty Leonard Room 4060 LSC e-mail: mleonard@dal.ca Below you will find textbook readings and a summary of the lecture material for each of the seven lectures in the Animal Biology unit. I would be pleased if you read through each chapter‚ however‚ I will only test you on the lecture material that corresponds to the sections of the textbook that I indicate below. You will notice that in some of the assigned sections there is material that
Premium Immune system
Give an account of protein structure and function Protein structure 1 Proteins consist of amino acids joined together (in chains) 2 A protein is unique because of the sequence of amino acids 3 The amino acids are joined by strong peptide bonds 4 to produce the primary structure 5 Further (weak) hydrogen bonding between acids 6 produce the secondary and tertiary structures A maximum of 4 marks can be gained from this section. Protein function 7 Some proteins are enzymes + named example
Free DNA Protein Cell
1. Detecting ‘self’ and ‘non self’ molecules: the role of antigens and the membrane receptors. Class I MHC molecules | Class II MHC molecules | * Are found on almost all nucleated cells of the body (so are not on red blood cells) * Body Cells that have become infected or become cancerous can display antigens by using their Class I MHC molecules on their cell surface * These antigens that get displayed were made inside these cells * Cytotoxic T cells will recognise antigens displayed
Premium Immune system Antibody
antigen presenting infected cells and cause pores in the membrane of the infected cells. Since all the poxviruses have the same antigens on their cell surface membranes‚ upon a second infection by poxviruses the B memory cells will carry out the humoral response marking viruses for destruction by phagocytes in the bloodstream by attaching to viral antigens with their specific antibodies and the T memory cells will cause the killer T cells to lyse infected cells. As the vaccinia virus is much less
Premium Vaccine Vaccination Immune system