OBJECTIVE The main objective of this experiment is to carry out qualitative analysis to identify metal cations in unknown solution 1. INTRODUCTION An unknown material can be determined by using simple chemical tests and separations which is called as inorganic qualitative analysis. The separation of cations depends on the difference in their propensity to form precipitates. Separation scheme is used to classify cation into five groups on the basis of their physical and chemical behavior opposed
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SCHOOL OF PHOTOVOLTAIC AND RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGINEERING THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES Photovoltaic Powered Electrolysis: Hydrogen production for transport applications by Joseph Robert Grisold Submitted for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) Bachelor of Engineering in Photovoltaic Engineering Course Code: 3656 Submission Date: 12pm‚ Tuesday the 29th October 2013 Supervisor: Dr. Gavin Conibeer Assessor: Dr. Kondo-Francois Aguey-Zinsou i Statement of Originality
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* MORE IMPORTANT TO HAVE A LOW BOND THAN BRANCH * -ene (double bond)‚ -yne (triple bond)‚ -anol (oxygen then hydrogen)‚ chloro/bromo/fluoro/iodo- (halogen)‚ amino- (nitrogen)‚ -anoic acids (one oxygen with a single‚ one with a double bond) * If there is a double or triple bond write it just before ene or yne. Eg. But-2-ene * If naming an alcohol (an oxygen and a hydrogen)‚ if there is a double or triple bond‚ -anol becomes‚ for example‚ -ene-2-ol or –yne-3-ol * Make sure you write
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the base. H+(aq) + OH-(aq) H2O(l) When a weak acid is neutralised some of the energy is needed to dissociate the molecules to make the hydrogen ions available for neutralisation. The result is a value for neutralisation enthalpy lower than - 57 kJ/mol (numerically lower‚ not more negative!) Note that as the weak acid is in equilibrium as the hydrogen ions are ’mopped up’ by the base the equilibrium shifts to the right hand side to make more until eventually all of the acid is able to react
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| n-nonane | 35 | -54 | 151 | C10H22 | n-decane | 75 | -30 | 174 | The simplest organic compounds are hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons contain only two elements‚ hydrogen and carbon. A saturated hydrocarbon or alkane is a hydrocarbon in which all of the carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds. Each carbon atom forms four bonds and each hydrogen forms a single bond to a carbon. The bonding around each carbon atom is tetrahedral‚ so all bond angles are 109.5°. As a result‚ the carbon atoms in higher alkanes
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form the shared pairs form covalent bonds with the hydrogen atoms. The remaining two pairs are unshared and have a greater repulsive effect than the shared pairs. The combined repulsive effect of the two unshared electron pairs produces an H-O-H bond angle that is smaller than the H-C-H bond angle (109.47 degrees) in methane or the H-N-H bond angle (107 degrees) in ammonia. Actual measurement of the bond angle in water is 104.5. If the two hydrogen nuclei were
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The Identification and Production of Materials 1. Fossil fuels provide both energy and raw materials such as ethylene‚ for the production of other substances. Students Learn To: .2 Identify the industrial source of ethylene from the cracking of some of the fractions from the refining of petroleum. • Ethylene is produced either from natural gas or crude oil‚ which are mixtures of hydrocarbons. One method involves… Cracking: a process by which hydrocarbons with higher molecular
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Summer Assignment – AP Biology – Chapters 2-5 Chapter 2 1. CHNOPS are the six most crucial elements in most macromolecules. Name them. Carbon‚ Hydrogen‚ Nitrogen‚ Oxygen‚ Phosphorous‚ Sulfur. 2. Create a chart and state how many bonds each of the CHNOPS elements can form. Carbon | Hydrogen | Nitrogen | Oxygen | Phosphorous | Sulfur | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 or 5 | 2 | 3. Create a Venn Diagram to compare and contrast polar covalent bonds‚ nonpolar covalent bonds‚ and ionic bonds.
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molecules in 6 moles of methane Number of Molecules = moles x molecules in 1 mole = 6 x 6.02 x 1023 molecules = 3.61 x 1024 molecules Calculate the number of molecules in: (a) 0.37 moles of sulphur dioxide (b) 3.4 moles of hydrogen chloride Answers (a) 2.23 x 1023 molecules (b) 2.05 x 1024 molecules Ions Ionic compounds do not contain atoms or molecules. Instead‚ we talk about ‘formula units’ The formula unit (f.u.) is the same as the chemical formula Calculate
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in yeast During respiration‚ hydrogen atoms are removed from glucose molecules by enzymes called dehydrogenases and passed to various chemicals called hydrogen acceptors. As the hydrogen atoms pass from one hydrogen acceptor to another‚ energy is made available for chemical reactions in the cell. In this way‚ substances such as glucose provide energy for vital reactions in living organisms. In this experiment‚ a dye called methylene blue acts as an artificial hydrogen acceptor. When this dye is reduced
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