temperatures in the fractional column. My sources have told me that hydrocarbons are chemical compounds composed of only carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. Each hydrocarbon has a different boiling point. This is handy because they use the different boiling points to separate the hydrocarbons. Its products can be used in many forms such as petrol can be used in vehicles such as cars which helps give the car energy to make it move. It is the fuel in the car engines. Another
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similar number of carbon atoms and physical properties. The uses of the fractions depend on their physical and chemical properties. www.igcse.at.ua Hydrocarbon molecules are only made of a chemical combination of carbon and hydrogen atoms. They are compounds because they consist of atoms of atleast two different elements. THE FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION OF CRUDE OIL www.igcse.at.ua Crude oil is a complex mixture of mainly hydrocarbon compound molecules
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Vehicles are the major source of air pollution in the urban areas. Vehicular exhaust‚ a by-product of fuel combustion contains potentially lethal chemical compounds such as carbon monoxide‚ oxides of nitrogen and sulphur and unburnt hydro carbons. Vehicular pollution traces its source to fossil fuels that are burnt in mobile sources (all categories of motorized vehicles). During the past few years‚ various steps have been taken to reduce vehicular emissions and its effect is evident
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Oakland Schools Chemistry Resource Unit Intermolecular Forces Brook R. Kirouac David A. Consiglio‚ Jr. Southfield‐Lathrup High School Southfield Public Schools Bonding: Intermolecular Forces Content Statements: C2.2: Chemical Potential Energy Potential energy is stored whenever work must be done to change the distance between two objects. The attraction between the two objects may be gravitational‚ electrostatic‚ magnetic‚ or strong force. Chemical potential energy is the result
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Symbol H+ Li+ Na+ K+ Rb+ Cs+ Be2+ Mg2+ Ca2+ Sr2+ Ba2+ Ra2+ Zn2+ Symbol Cu+ Cu2+ Fe2+ Fe3+ Sn2+ Sn4+ Cr2+ Cr3+ Mn2+ Mn3+ Symbols and Charges for Monoatomic Ions Name Symbol Name hydrogen ion H¯ hydride lithium ion F¯ fluoride Note that the sodium ion Cl¯ chloride letters in an ion’s potassium ion Br¯ bromide name before the rubidium ion I¯ iodide -ide ending is 2¯ cesium ion O oxide the stem. For 2¯ beryllium ion S sulfide example‚ the stem
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boiling point of CH 4 is much lower than that of HF. Which ONE of the following best explains this difference in boiling points? A HF molecules are more polar than CH 4 molecules. B CH 4 molecules are more polar than HF molecules. C There are hydrogen bonds between HF molecules. D There are dipole-dipole forces between CH 4 molecules. (2) The temperature (in kelvin) of a fixed mass of an enclosed gas is given as T. Which ONE of the following CORRECTLY represents the new temperature if both
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Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2012 International GCSE Chemistry (4CH0) Paper 1C Science Double Award (4SC0) Paper 1C Edexcel Level 1/Level 2 Certificate Chemistry (KCH0) Paper 1C Science (Double Award) (KSC0) Paper 1C Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications Edexcel and BTEC qualifications come from Pearson‚ the world’s leading learning company. We provide a wide range of qualifications including academic‚ vocational‚ occupational and specific programmes for employers. For further information‚
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* MORE IMPORTANT TO HAVE A LOW BOND THAN BRANCH * -ene (double bond)‚ -yne (triple bond)‚ -anol (oxygen then hydrogen)‚ chloro/bromo/fluoro/iodo- (halogen)‚ amino- (nitrogen)‚ -anoic acids (one oxygen with a single‚ one with a double bond) * If there is a double or triple bond write it just before ene or yne. Eg. But-2-ene * If naming an alcohol (an oxygen and a hydrogen)‚ if there is a double or triple bond‚ -anol becomes‚ for example‚ -ene-2-ol or –yne-3-ol * Make sure you write
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the base. H+(aq) + OH-(aq) H2O(l) When a weak acid is neutralised some of the energy is needed to dissociate the molecules to make the hydrogen ions available for neutralisation. The result is a value for neutralisation enthalpy lower than - 57 kJ/mol (numerically lower‚ not more negative!) Note that as the weak acid is in equilibrium as the hydrogen ions are ’mopped up’ by the base the equilibrium shifts to the right hand side to make more until eventually all of the acid is able to react
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| n-nonane | 35 | -54 | 151 | C10H22 | n-decane | 75 | -30 | 174 | The simplest organic compounds are hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons contain only two elements‚ hydrogen and carbon. A saturated hydrocarbon or alkane is a hydrocarbon in which all of the carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds. Each carbon atom forms four bonds and each hydrogen forms a single bond to a carbon. The bonding around each carbon atom is tetrahedral‚ so all bond angles are 109.5°. As a result‚ the carbon atoms in higher alkanes
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