2MnO4- + 16H+ + 5C2O42- ⎯→ 10CO2 + 8H2O + 2Mn2+ Notes: 1. Mn2+ is colourless 2. In the reaction‚ the purple colour of the solution turns into colourless. MnO4-: Manganate(VII) ion (Purple) Mn2+: Manganese(II) ion colourless Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide 2H2O2 - ⎯→ 2H2O + O2 Catalyst: manganese(IV) oxide(MnO2)‚ Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)‚ silver (Ag) Haber Process (Manufacture Ammonia) N2 + 3H2 ⎯→ 2NH3 (More detail in Form 4 Chapter 9) Contact Process(Manufacture Sulphuric Acid)
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understand the SN1 and SN2 mechanism involved in the reaction 3. To determine the yield of percentage of t-butyl chloride II. Introduction An alkyl halide is a derivative of alkanes. Alkanes are hydrocarbons with a functional group C-C. The hydrogen atom is then replaced by a halogen (F‚ Cl‚ Br‚ I). Therefore‚ alkyl halides are compounds that have a halogen atom bonded to a saturated‚ sp3 hybridized carbon atom. These could be classified according to the number of alkyl groups attached to the
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Electrolysis Electrolysis is the process by which ionic substances are broken down into simpler substances using electricity. During electrolysis‚ metals and gases may form at the electrodes. What is electrolysis? Ionic substances contain charged particles called ions. For example‚ lead bromide contains positively charged lead ions and negatively charged bromide ions. Electrolysis is the process by which ionic substances are decomposed (broken down) into simpler substances when an electric
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number of moles of hydroxide ions formed when the potassium was added to water. (ii) Calculate the number of moles of hydrogen ions in 100 cm3 of 0.100mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid. (ii) Give an ionic equation to represent the neutralization reaction. Q2. Manganese (IV) oxide catalyses the decomposition of aqueous hydrogen peroxides. In an experiment 50.0 cm3 of aqueous hydrogen peroxide was mixed with 0.50 g of manganese (IV) oxide. The total volume of oxygen formed was measured every 10 seconds
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tension of water‚ which is due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between adjacent water molecules. b. The ability to serve as a buffer‚ absorbing protons given off by acetic acid. c. The ability to orient water molecules so that their polarities neutralize the ions formed when the acid dissociates. d. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with the carbonyl and the hydroxyl groups of acetic acid. 3. The pH of a solution is equal to: a. b. c. d. e. the hydrogen ion concentration H+ log [H+] -log[H+] ln[H+]
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these suns move closer together the radiant shine would be the valence. The closer they get the ray of light overlaps and they share light. If an atom can share valence electrons it can form a bond. Two hydrogen atoms make hydrogen molecule‚ two oxygen atoms make an oxygen molecule‚ and two hydrogen atoms
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What is collagen? Collagen is a simple protein made up of amino-acids. Amino acids are built from carbon‚ oxygen and hydrogen. In fact collagen makes up approximately 30% of the protein within the body. As a structure Collagen is intensely strong and is a vital protein that is found all over the body: In tendons and ligaments. It plays an important role in the protection function of the skin in that it helps limit the absorption and spreading of pathogenic substances‚ environmental toxins‚ micro
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Salts – Reactions with Acids: Learn these General Equations and their Examples: 1. ACID + METAL –––––––> SALT + HYDROGEN Hydrochloric acid + Magnesium Magnesium Chloride + Hydrogen 2HCl(aq) + 2Mg(s) 2MgCl(aq) + H2(g) Sulphuric acid + Zinc Zinc Sulphate + Hydrogen H2SO4(aq) + Zn(s) ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g) Nitric acid + Aluminium Aluminium Nitrate + Hydrogen 2HNO3(aq) + 2Al(s) 2AlNO3(aq) + H2(g) 2. ACID + BASE –––––––> SALT + WATER Hydrochloric acid + Copper
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Chapter 10 Practice Test: 1) How do you make a proton out of a hydrogen atom? E) remove an electron from a hydrogen atom 2) What is an acid? E) anything that donates hydrogen ions 3) What is a base? D) anything that accepts a hydrogen ion 4) What best describes what happens when an acid such as HCl is mixed with water? B) The proton chemically bonded to the chlorine is transferred to a water molecule and forms a chloride ion and a hydronium ion. 5) According to the following reaction‚ which
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ACTIVITY SERIES The activity series of metals is an list of metals ranked in order of decreasing reactivity to displace hydrogen gas from water and acid solutions. It can also be used to predict which metals will displace other metals in aqueous solutions. In introductory chemistry‚ the reactivity series or activity series is an empirical series of metals‚ in order of "reactivity" from highest to lowest. It is used to summarize information about the reactions of metals with acids and water‚ single
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