This paper attempts to explain three approaches to educational planning. The approaches considered are: social demand approach; manpower requirement approach; and cost benefit analysis. This paper went further to make an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. INTRODUCTION Educational planning is concerned with the problems of how to make the best use of limited resources allocated to education in view of the priorities given to different stages of education or different
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AEREN FOUNDATION’S Maharashtra Govt. Reg. No.: F-11724 SUB: BUSINESS PLANNING & POLICY MANAGEMENT Instructions: 1. Maximum marks : 80 Marks 2. Attempt any 8 questions 3. Illustrate with examples wherever applicable Q1) XYZ Ltd. Wishes to adopt the cost-leadership business strategy for one of its SBUs. How should it ensure operational effectiveness in terms of productivity‚ processes‚ people and pace? If‚ after 1 year‚ the company wishes to change
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Planning in Management To manage we need to plan . In planning ‚ we also need to know how to manage the planning . Why planning is important for management ? • All activities are specifically planning to achieve the goals and objectives of its mandate . • We plan to overcome or reduce the expected / assumed to arise . Planning also ensures that all management activities are made systematically. • Planning is the process by which a person makes a decision on the objectives to be achieved and how
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MANPOWER PLANNING IN INDIAN RAILWAYS Introduction Manpower planning is a process which aims to have the right number of staff at right places with right type of skills at right times to enable the organisation to achieve its short term and long term goals. In other words‚ manpower planning is the system‚ which ensures the manpower availability at a given point of time.Manpower recruitment is related to matching the personal qualities of employees with the job requirements. Objectives of mpp 1)
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3.1 SUMMARISE KEY FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN PLANNING ASSESSMENT When planning assessment you need to gauge a clear idea of what level the candidate is at to see if they are ready to complete your planned assessment. There are many ways of achieving this knowledge. One method is observation in performance or another by taking an initial assessment test which have seven levels with the basic entry level 1 being the first. Once this knowledge has been gained‚ further knowledge is needed to suit
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4 PLANNING FOR URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE Olivier Toutain and S. Gopiprasad URBAN PLANNING: THE ISSUES INVOLVED U rban India today‚ faces serious challenges of growth and its management. Across geographies‚ the issues of urbanization manifest in the form of overcrowding‚ congestion‚ insufficient infrastructure‚ inadequate service provisioning—mainly in terms of drinking water‚ sanitation‚ energy‚ transport‚ solid waste management‚ environmental degradation‚ and pollution‚ etc. These‚ along with the
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Planning in India RICHARD S. ECKAUS MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY introduction Indian planning is an open process. Much of the controversy and the debates that accompany the preparation of the plans are public. The initial aggregate calculations and assumptions are either explicitly stated or readily deducible‚ and the makers of the plans are not only sensitive but responsive to criticism and suggestions from a wide variety of na- tional and international sources. From original
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Unit4: Planning Meaning and Definition of Planning Planning is the primary function of management. It focuses on the future course of action. It specifies the objectives to be achieved in future and selects the alternative course of action to reach defined objectives. It also involves many activities like analyzing and decision making about technical‚ personnel‚ financial‚ and other elements essential to implement predetermined course of action. Thus‚ planning is mental and paper activities
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Introduction Family planning is the planning of when to have children‚ and the use of birth control and other techniques to implement such plans. Other techniques commonly used include sexuality education‚ prevention and management of sexually transmitted infections‚ pre-conception counseling and management‚ and infertility management. Family planning is sometimes used in the wrong way also as a synonym for the use of birth control‚ though it often includes more. It is most usually applied to a
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References: • "Development Planning" (April 1994) A Country Study: Pakistan. Library of Congress.
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