What is internal control and why is it important The American Institute of Accountants first defined the term internal control in 1949‚ followed by further clarifications in 1958 and 1972. In 1977 publicly held companies came under legislation to adequately implement controls to protect their financial information. A report by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations in 1992 and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 are more recent documents defining internal controls.( Bishop‚ 1991‚p.117-123; Colbert
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Case Study 2 – Internal Control TO: LJB Company President FROM: Andrea Johnson DATE: February 8‚ 2013 SUBJECT: Internal Control It is with great pleasure that we can provide you information and advisement on internal controls that will assist LJB Company with going public. We understand that you have communicated your concerns and expect that this report will assist you with deriving conclusions. This report will: 1. Inform you of any new internal control requirements in reference to
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Internal & Managerial Control “Internal (Management) Control is the set of accounting & administrative controls and practices that help ensure that approved and appropriate decisions are made in an organization” * in other words‚ to make sure that the right thing happens and the wrong thing does not happen‚ either purposely or accidentally Why Internal Control? 1. To safeguard the assets against waste‚ loss & misuse 2. Check the accuracy and reliability of accounting data
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IP Audit Mrs. C. Arthi Gandhimathi Dr. K. Gopalakrishnan Research Scholar Member‚ Board of Governors Anna University Coimbatore National Design and Research Forum Coimbatore – 641 047 Bangalore – 560 001 e-mail: arthibala2009@gmail.com Abstract The single most compelling reason for any company‚ particularly an SME‚ to conduct an intellectual property (IP) Audit. But what should be measured and how can we begin the process? An IP Audit is defined as a systematic
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Martin Townsend | 1204260 Picnic Audit ADV231 Social Media 20.01.2014 Word Count: 2331 Martin Townsend | 1204260 Picnic Audit | ADV231Social Media | 20.01.2014 It is easy for branded businesses to get social media interaction‚ with their loyal customers‚ which they
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Nevertheless‚ some students may have issues a “qualified” report for some perceived reason. If so‚ it should use the wording specified in audit guide‚ although most probably will not use the exact wording specified. If not‚ this will provide you with an opportunity to explain to the student why the specified report wording is critical to an auditor. An unqualified audit report on the City of Smithville should appear as follows: The Honorable Mayor‚ City Council‚ and City Manager‚ City of Smithville We
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udit 22-31 a. The audit program for the audit of Rakin Corporation’s capital stock account would include the following procedures: 1. Examine the articles of incorporation‚ the bylaws‚ and the minutes of the board of directors from the inception of the corporation to determine the provisions or decisions regarding the capital stock. the authorization for the sale of new issues or additional sales of unissued stock‚ declarations of stock splits and dividends in the form of cash
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Sustainable use of energy- A case study on Energy Audit for Centre for Environmental Studies‚ Anna University (V. Vandhana Devi*) Abstract Climate Change & Global warming‚ ever increasing energy prices‚ acute energy shortage‚ forever widening and supply gap‚ hence energy efficiency and conservation measures have gained importance in the recent years. This paper involved an energy auditing with a view to enhance the existing energy efficiency level in the Centre for Environmental Studies
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HR 582 DIVERSITY AUDIT Conducting a Diversity Audit for Public Health Informatics Consultants‚ (PHICON Corporation) Table of Contents Contents Executive Summary 3 Organizational Background 4 Selected Criteria/Audit Methods 5 What is Diversity 5 How is Diversity Measured 6 I. Quantitative Measurements 7 II. Qualitative Measurements 7 Description of PHICON’s Diversity Initiatives 8 Design of the Audit 8 Scope of the Audit 8 Evaluation of PHICON’s Diversity Initiatives
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UNDERSTANDING INTERNAL CONTROLS A Reference Guide for Managing University Business Practices Understanding Internal Controls Table of Contents INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................................1 OBJECTIVES ......................................................................................................................................................................1
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